THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE

• Created by Nicolaus Copernicus in early 1500s
• Stars & whole solar system revolve around sun
• Sun doesn't move
• Heliocentric: sun-centered
• Johannes Kepler improved theory

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

• Created idea of heliocentric universe
• View disagreed with church beliefs
• Church stated universe was geocentric
• Geocentric: Earth in center of universe

GALILEO

• Made scientific advances
• Proved Copernicus' theory
• Church leaders forced him to publicly lie about it
• Him and other scientists still knew the truth

NEWTONS LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

• Sir Isaac Newton created in late 1600s
• Combination of Kepler's, Nicolaus', and Galileo's theories
• All objects affected by gravity
• Called universal gravitation

MICROSCOPE

• Zacharias Janssen created in 1590
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek built microscope
• Leeuwenhoek's microscope magnified 250 & 300 times
• Leeuwenhoek- 1st to observe microscopic life & observed bacteria in fluids

THERMOMETER

• Anders Celsius created a thermometer
• 0°C- water Freezes — 100°C- water boils
• Galileo invented the first thermometer
• Fahrenheit was the first temperature measuring system
• Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit created Fahrenheit system

BAROMETER

• Evangelista Torricelli created first barometer
• Measures changes in air pressure
• Good for predicting weather
• Torricelli was one of Galileo's friends

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

• Observing & describing a subject
• Forming a hypothesis*
• Testing hypothesis in an experiment
• Interpreting results to draw a conclusion
• *hypothesis: unapproved assumption about subject

SIR FRANCIS BACON

• Created scientific method
• Believed in using rationalism in politics and science
• Followed dreams of creating scientific experiments even if he dies because of it
• Died because of it
• became sick while trying to prove that snow can insulate against cold- he was right

RENÉ DESCARTES

• Believed in questioning opinions of the powerful
• Believed every thought should be rejected until proven
• Argued the God made two realities
• 1. Physical reality
• 2. The mind/what people think (aka using rationalism