SOCIAL STATIFICATION: The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, the power, poperty, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group

SLAVERY: A form of social stratification in which some people own other people

BONDED LABOR/INDENTURED SERVICE: A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily

Beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements

CASTE SYSTEM: A form of social stratification in which one's status is determined by birth and is life long

ENDOGAMY: The practice of marrying within one's own group

APARTHEID: The separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa

ESTATE STRATIFICATION SYSTEM: The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates: the nobility, clergy, and commoners.

CLASS SYSTEM: A form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions

SOCIAL MOBILITY: Movement up or down the social class ladder

MEANS OF PRODUCTION: The tools, factories, land, and investments capital used to produce wealth

BOURGEOISIE: Term for capitalists, those who own the means of production

PROLETARIAT: The exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS: Term for awareness of a common identity based on one's position in the means of production

FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS (or FALSE CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS): Term to refer to workers identifying with the interest of capitalists.

PROPERTY (WEALTH)/CLASS: Ownership can be distorted and controlled by different people.

PRESTIGE/STATUS: Can be based on multiple factors.

POWER/POWER: The ability to control others, even over their objections.

Weber stated that there is combination of the three that make social class.

Davis & Moore's Explanation/Functionalist:
1. Society must make certain that its positions are filled

2. Some positions are more important than others

3. The more important position must be filled by more qualified people

4. To motivate the more qualified people to fill these positions, society must offer them greater rewards

Tumin's View:
1st: Who judges what is important
2nd: If it worked in the Davis & Moore's way only then we would develop meritocracy (a form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit).
3rd: If it was so functional...there would be no dysfunctional, but yet there is.

Conflict Perspective: Groups struggle with one Conflict Perspective: Groups struggle with one another to gain a larger share of their society's resources

Mosca's Arguments:
1. Society needs a organized leader
2. Leadership = inequality of power
3. Human nature is self-centered

DEVINE RIGHT OF KINGS: The idea that king's authority comes directly from God.

Elite control the information- therefore they control what the oppressed are told. Perfect Example - The Hunger Games Conflict Perspective: Groups struggle with one another to gain a larger share of their society's resources

Mosca's Arguments:
1. Society needs a organized leader
2. Leadership = inequality of power
3. Human nature is self-centered

DEVINE RIGHT OF KINGS: The idea that king's authority comes directly from God.

Elite control the information- therefore they control what the oppressed are told. Perfect Example - The Hunger Games

MOST INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS: (First World/Developed)- US, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany.

INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS: (Second World/Developing) Russia, various European countries- Yugoslavia, Poland, etc..

LEAST INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS: (Third World/Underdeveloped) Live on less than a $1,000 a year

WORLD MAP ON PAGE 247

COLONIALISM: The process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resources

WORLD SYSTEM THEORY: Economic and political connections that tie the world's countries together

GLOBALIZATION OF CAPLIATLISM: Capitalism (investing to make profits) becoming the globe's dominant economic system

CULTURE OF POVERTY: The assumption that the values and behavior of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children

NEOCOLONIALISM: The economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: Companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations