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Dynastic China

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

DYNASTIC CHINA

Qin to Qing Dynasties

SHANG DYNASTY

(1650-1027 BCE) - CONSIDERED AS THE EARLIEST DYNASTY

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by Anthony Baker

SYSTEM OF WRITING

/ GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO CHINESE CULTURE
Photo by Quasimondo

PICTOGRAPHS & IDEOGRAPHS

/ANCIENT CHINESE SYSTEM OF WRITING

ORACLE BONES

/ PIECES OF TURTLE BONES; USED TO TELL THE FUTURE.

ZHOU DYNASTY

1027-256 BCE

DUKE OF ZHOU

/ HE OVERTHREW THE KING OF SHANG

MANDATE OF HEAVEN

/ JUSTIFIED THE OVERTHROWING BY USING THE

DYNASTIC CYCLE

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by Jack Zalium

MAGNETIC COMPASS

SILKWORM COCOONS

/ UNDER ZHOU, SILK BECAME CHINA'S MOST VALUABLE EXPORT.
Photo by Dust Mason

BOOK MAKING

/ CHINESE ARTISANS MADE THE FIRST BOOKS BY BINDING TOGETHER LONG, THIN STRIPS OF BAMBOO OR WOOD.

BOOK MAKING

/ cHINESE SCHOLARS WOULD THEN CAREFULLY PAINT CHARACTERS ON THE FINISHED BOOK WITH BRUSH & INK.

QIN DYNASTY

221-207 BC - FIRST UNIFIED, MULTI-NATIONAL AND POWER-CENTRALIZED STATE IN CHINESE HISTORY

EMPEROR QIN SHI HUANG

/ ESTABLISHED A STRICT GOVERNMENT AND IMPOSED LEGALISM

"TO BURN tHE BOOKS...

/ TO PREVENT HIS PEOPLE TO THINK FREELY AND BE AFFECTED BY BOOKS
Photo by jronaldlee

...AND BURY THE SCHOLARS ALIVE."

/ HE BURIED 460 SCHOLARS ALIVE AFTER LEARNING ABOUT THEIR DISCUSSION OF HIS IGNORANCE.
Photo by [ henning ]

HARD LABOR & HEAVY TAXES

/ HE IMPOSED THE ABOVE ON THE MASSES IN ORDER TO BUILD LUXURIOUS PALACES, ETC.
Photo by ktylerconk

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

QIN PLACED GREAT IMPORTANCE ON INFRASTRUCTURE; HE ORDERED THE BUILDING OF

HAN DYNASTY

206 BCE - 220 CE / GOLDEN AGE

EMPEROR WU DI

HIS STRONG LEADERSHIP ACHIEVED MANY CULTURAL AND INTELLECT ACHIEVEMENTS

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by Tony in WA

SILK ROAD

/ MAJOR TRADE ROUTE; BROUGHT CHINA IN CONTACT WITH OTHER CIVILIZATIONS

CIVIL SERVICE EXAM

/ AN EXAM BASED ON CONFUCIANISM, REQUIRED TO ENTER THE SERVICE IN THE GOVERMENT

CONFUCIANISM

/ BECAME THE OFFICIAL BELIEF SYSTEM IN CHINA UNDER HANS

CONFUCIAN SYSTEM OF GOVERMENT

/ USED IN CHINA FOR MOST OF THE LAST 2000 YEARS.
Photo by kafka4prez

TEXT BOOKS

/ HAN SCIENTISTS WROTE ON SUBJECTS FROM ZOOLOGY TO BOTANY, TO CHEMISTRY.
Photo by Ian Sane

ADVANCED ASTRONOMERS

/ ENABLED THEM TO CREATE ACCURATE CLOCKS
Photo by davedehetre

WOOD PULP

/ INVENTED THE PROCESS TO MAKE PAPER FROM THESE
Photo by katerha

INVENTIONS

/ INCLUDES RUDDER FOR SHIPS, WHEELBARROW & FISHING REEL.
Photo by Pete Prodoehl

ACUPUNCTURE

/ DEVELOPED TO ALLEVIATE PAIN & TREAT VARIOUS ILLNESSES.
Photo by DanR

SUI DYNASTY

581 - 618 BCE

YANG JIAN A.K.A. EMPEROR WEN

/ REPLACED NORTHERN ZHOU WITH SUI AND PROCLAIMED HIMSELF EMPEROR

SUI COURT

/ AFTER DEFEATING THE LAST OF SOUTHERN DYNASTIES, CHEN, SUI UNIFIED THE WHOLE NATION

CHANG'AN (XIAN) & LUOYANG

/ CAPITAL & AUXILIARY CAPITAL RESPECTIVELY

BUDDHISM

/ FLOURISHED THIS TIME, AS A RESULT OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR A NEW IDEOLOGY
Photo by JapanDave

HAN

/ RE-ESTABLISHED THE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE HAN (EXAM)
Photo by Ray Devlin

QIN

/ SIMILAR IN THE TENURE AND RUTHLESSNESS OF ITS ACCOMPLISHMENTS

TYRANNICAL DEMANDS

/ BURDEN OF TAXES & COMPULSORY LABOR
Photo by anieto2k

DECLINE OF SUI

/ GREED: LOST WAGED WARS AGAINST KOREA

DECLINATION II

/ MERGED GROUPS OF REBELS =UNSTABLE REGIME (2ND EMPEROR)
Photo by /\ \/\/ /\

THE COLLAPSE

/ A SUBORDINATE STRANGLED THE LAST EMPEROR IN 618

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by nozomiiqel

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

/ REPAIRED UNDER WEN DI'S ORDER
Photo by Jack Zalium

PORCELAIN

BLOCK PRINTING

/ PRINTING FROM HAND CARVED OR ENGRAVED LETTERS ON BLOCKS

THE GRAND CANAL

/ FUNCTIONED AS THE MAIN ARTERY IN THE NATION'S TRANSPORT
Photo by BigEd Stites

COIN STANDARDIZATION

TANG DYNASTY

618-907 BCE

UNIFIED GOVERNMENT

AFTER A PERIOD OF CIVIL WARS, TANG REESTABLISHED A

CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

/ EXPANDED INFLUENCE; DEMANDED TRIBUTES FROM PLACES SUCH AS KOREA AND VIETNAM
Photo by Cea.

LAND REDISTRIBUTION

/ TO PEASANTS
Photo by Olof S

CONFUCIAN SCHOLARS

/ REINTRODUCED THEIR USE IN RUNNING THE GOVERNMENT

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by Steve Webel

STRICT SOCIAL STRUCTURE

/ EACH CLASS HAD ITS OWN RIGHTS AND DUTIES
Photo by Travis S.

SOCIAL MOBILITY

/ POSSIBLE; FROM ONE CLASS TO ANOTHER.

3 CLASSES

/ GENTRY / PEASANTRY / MERCHANT
Photo by Daniel*1977

GENTRY

WEALTHY LANDOWNERS, STUDENTS OF CONFUCIAN IDEAS, CIVIL SERVICE
Photo by Dave_B_

PEASANTS

/ MOST CHINESE, FARMERS, RESIDENTS IN SMALL VILLAGES

MERCHANTS

/ VERY RICH TRADERS; LOWER STATUS BECAUSE RICHES COME FROM OTHER'S WORK
Photo by miggslives

GUNPOWDER

/ INVENTED BY TANG SCIENTISTS; COMBINATION OF SALTPETER, SULFUR, & CHARCOAL
Photo by Dougtone

SMALLPOX VACCINE

/ DEVELOPED BY TANG PHYSICIANS

VACCINE

/ THE WIDESPREAD USE HOWEVER, DID NOT OCCUR IN CHINA UNTIL 16TH CENTURY

SONG DYNASTY

960 - 1279 BCE

PERIOD OF GENERAL CHAOS

/ AFTER THE DECLINE OF TANG, THERE WAS NO STRONG, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Photo by ⌡K

CHINESE EMPIRE UNDER SONG

/ RELATIVELY SMALL COMPARED TO THE EMPIRE OF THE TANG

CHINESE CULTURE

/ BUT THIS WAS STILL DOMINATE IN MOST OF EASTERN ASIA
Photo by haemengine

RICE CULTIVATION

/ STARTED UNDER THE SONG; WAS ABLE TO PLANT 2 RICE CROPS A YEAR
Photo by edikenkoy

ART AND LITERATURE

/ DUE TO FOOD ABUNDANCE OR FOOD SURPLUS
Photo by vituh

CALLIGRAPHY

/ SONG ARTISANS USED THIS FORM OF FINE HANDWRITING
Photo by leoglenn_g

FINE PORCELAIN

/ SONG ARTISANS WERE ALSO KNOWN FOR THEIR

LANDSCAPE PAINTINGS

/ TANG WAS ALSO FAMOUS FOR ITS

PAGODA

/ DESIGNED BY SONG ARCHITECTS; USED AS TEMPLES
Photo by RiverRatt3

PAGODA

/ MULTISTORIED BUILDING WITH THE CORNERS OF THE ROOF CURVED UP

SPINNING WHEELS

/ A MACHINE USED TO MAKE THREAD
Photo by Leo Reynolds

MOVABLE TYPE PRINTING MACHINE

/ ITS USE ALLOWED FOR FASTER PRINTING & WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF IDEAS

YUAN DYNASTY

1271 - 1368 BCE

MONGOLIAN TRIBES

/ AN ETHNIC MINORITY GROUP THAT RESIDED IN THE NORTHERN ARES OF CHINA
Photo by Al_HikesAZ

TIEMUZHEN

/ ONE OF THE MONGOLIAN TRIBE LEADERS WHO UNIFIED ALL THE INTERNAL TRIBES
Photo by niiicedave

MONGOLIAN EMPIRE

2 YEARS LATER, TIEMUZHEN WAS HONORED AS AN EMPEROR AND ESTABLISHED THE
Photo by colincookman

GENGHIS KHAN

/ "THE RULER OF THE WORLD"
Photo by Rich_Lem

RELIGION

/ TIBETAN BUDDHISM
Photo by ronsaunders47

'YUAN'

/ FORMALLY ESTABLISHED BY CHANGING STATE NAME WITH YUANDADU AS CAPITAL
Photo by cmaccubbin

SOUTHERN SONG DYNASTY

/ IN 1276, ITS CAPITAL WAS CAPTURED BY THE YUAN ARMY, THUS THE ENTIRE CHINA WAS UNIFIED.

CHINA, FOR THE FIRST TIME,

WAS COMPLETELY SUBJUGATED BY FOREIGN CONQUERORS...
Photo by Jack Zalium

...AND BECAME A PART OF

A LARGER POLITICAL ENTITY, THE VAST MONGOL EMPIRE.
Photo by DaedaLusT

ACHIEVEMENTS

Photo by kennymatic

PAPER CURRENCY

/ STIMULATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE

GUNS/FIREARMS

/ USING THE GUNPOWDER INTRODUCED IN THE TANG DYNASTY

WINE MAKING

/ YUAN DYNASTY WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE PEAK OF CHINESE WINE MAKING

DECIMAL SYSTEM

Photo by Leo Reynolds

CHINESE THEATER, OPERA & MUSIC

Photo by Nathan Wong.

MING DYNASTY

1368 ACE - 1644

AFTER ALMOST 100 YEARS

UNDER FOREIGN RULE BY THE MONGOLS, THE MING SEIZE POWER

CONFUCIAN GOVERNMENT & TRADITIONS

WERE RESTORED TO CHINA

ACHIEVEMENTS

ECONOMIC REVIVAL

BETTER FARMING METHODS =GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Photo by marfis75

CORN AND SWEET POTATOES

/ (NEW CROPS) BROUGHT OVER FROM THE AMERICAS, HELPED INCREASED TO FOOD PRODUCTION

RESTORATION OF CHINESE CULTURE

/ PRODUCED A FLOWERING IN FHE ARTS.

"FORBIDDEN CITY"

/ LOCATED IN BEIJING, A GREAT ARCHITECTURAL ACHIEVEMENT, MADE DURING MING
Photo by Will Clayton

BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN

/ THE FAMOUS SIGNATURE PORCELAIN OF CHINA ORIGINATED DURING MING
Photo by MoonToad NL

CHINESE HANDICRAFTS

CERAMIC, JADE AND BAMBOO CARVINGS

DURING THE LATER PERIOD

OF MING, TRADE & COMMERCE WITH OTHER NATIONS FLOURISHED

UNDER MING EMPERORS,

CHINA WAS RECOGNIZED AS A MAJOR POLITICAL & CULTURAL POWER.
Photo by saikofish

GREAT WALL & GRAND CANAL

/ REPAIR & COMPLETION (BIGGEST ACHIEVEMENT IN THE FIELD OF ENGINEERING)
Photo by oinonio

EQUIPMENT & MACHINERY

/ DURING THIS ERA, FROM WHICH COTTON & SILK LOOMS ARE MADE
Photo by sethoscope

HUOCHONG GUN

/ AND OTHER POWERFUL ARTILLERY DUE TO ADVANCEMENTS IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY.

"COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA"

/ MEDICAL BOOK SHOWING ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICINE DURING MING

QING DYNASTY

1644 - 1911

MONGOLS & JURCHENS

/ NORTH OF GREAT WALL, HISTORICAL ENEMIES OF CHINA
Photo by Sarmu

MONGOL & JURCHEN

/ HAD HISTORICALLY RULED IN THE REGION, BUT THE MING EMPIRE KEPT THEM OUT
Photo by dawvon

INTERMARRIAGE

/ BETWEEN JURCHEN & MONGOL RULING FAMILIES
Photo by slgckgc

SUBJUGATION

OF THE JURCHENS TO THE MONGOLS & ABSORBED THEIR TROOPS
Photo by *m22

INCORPORATION

OF MONGOLS & MING PEOPLE BY JURCHEN RULERS

SWEPT SOUTH & THE QING DINASTY BEGINS

/ AFTER A REBEL ARMY CONQUERED BEIJING, THE INCORPORATION
Photo by marfis75

JUST LIKE YUAN & MING EMPIRES,

/ BEGINNING : PROSPERITY / MIDDLE : DYNASTIC / END : INVASIONS & REBELLIONS
Photo by cabreney.jm

MANCHUS

/ WHAT JURCHENS CALLED THEMSELVES

GRAND COUNCIL

/ NEW INSTITUTION THAT REGULATED THE CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION

GRAND COUNCIL

/ REGULATED THE MILITARY & POLITICAL AFFAIRS GUIDED BY THE EMPEROR

CHIEF BUREAUS IN THE CAPITAL

HAD BOTH A CHINESE & A MANCHU LEADER.

BREAKDOWN OF DUTIES:

/ CHINESE: MAJORITY OF THE WORK / MANCHU: ENSURED LOYALTY TO QING RULERS
Photo by rogergordon

TRADITIONAL BUREAUCRACY & CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION

/ SAME AS THE PREVIOUS DYNASTIES, STARTING WITH THE HAN DYNASTY
Photo by erik jaeger

ACHIEVEMENTS

OVERPOWERED ITS ENEMIES

/ INVENTION OF CONTINUOUS SHOT GON BY DAI ZI
Photo by kylepost

PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY

/ STARTED IN THE LATE MING, FLOURISHED DURING QING
Photo by Neal.

ORIGAMI

/ DUE TO THE EXTENSIVE PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY IN THE COUNTRY
Photo by blentley

ORIGAMI

/ ORIGINATED FROM THE WEALTHY PEOPLE
Photo by __kel

ORIGAMI

/ EXPENSIVE PAPERS FOLDED BY WEALTHY PEOPLE INTO FANCY DESIGNS
Photo by sarako

BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN MAKING

/ FLOURISH OF
Photo by Ian Muttoo

BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN

/ DISHES

BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN

/ FISH BOWLS

BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAIN

/ PLATES

DECLINE

/ THE FALL OF THE LAST DYNASTY
Photo by Nesster

POPULATION GROWTH

SUPERSEDED ECONOMIC GROWTH =ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEASANTS DECLINED

GOVERNMENT FUNDS

DEPLETED DUE TO FOREIGN EXPANSION
Photo by p2-r2

OPIUM WARS

/ OR THE "ANGLO-CHINESE WARS"

OPIUM WARS

/ FORMED BECAUSE OF TRADE & DIPLOMATIC DISPUTES BETWEEN CHINA & BRITAIN

BRITISH BOUGHT GOODS FROM CHINESE

/ AND EVENTUALLY HAD LOST A LOT OF THEIR WEALTH
Photo by kevin dooley

SELLING OPIUM TO THE CHINESE

THE BRITISH WERE THEREFORE, TRYING TO REGAIN THEIR WEALTH BY
Photo by David Jones

LESS POWER IN TERMS OF MEN & ECONOMY

/ WARS FOR EXPANSION, AGAINST OPPOSITIONS AND IN OPIUM RESULTED INTO
Photo by Burns!

END

Photo by dtomaloff