Germany 1820-1920
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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Social - Romantic Movement
The Romantic Movement began in Germany in 1820 and lasted until around 1860. Soon after it began it quickly spread around the world to places like England, France and America. This movement focused on art as being a inspiration.
"IIP Digital | U.S. Department of State." The Romantic Period, 1820-1860: Essayists and Poets. IPP Digital, 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 01 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/l6dxdkp
Social - Social Groups
There were three main social groups in rural Germany in the 1800's and early 1900's. The first were the wealthy farmers which had around 2%-5% of the population, next were the common farmers which was the largest with 60%-80% of the population, and last was the laborers with 20%-40% of the population.
"A Brief Description of a Typical Southern German Village in the Past Centuries." German Village. N.p., Aug. 1999. Web. 01 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/lq474hj
Social - Immigration
From around 1820 to 1870 many Germans immigrated to other places, including America, for a better life. They did this because of economic hardships especially unemployment and crop failures. Beginning in 1871 the amount of people leaving Germany for other countries went way up. Many of these immigrants came from the eastern parts of Germany.
"Germany Emigration and ImmigrationEdit This Page." Germany Emigration and Immigration. Family Search, n.d. Web. 01 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/pmo32d9
Political - German Unification
German Unification was not achieved during the Frankfurt Assembly. After that failed, in the year of 1849, Prussia under Otto van Bismarck took over the operation. Over the next 20 years there were three wars which finally brought Germany together. In the year 1871 Germany was now a unified country.
"Unification of German States - Issues - Countries - Office of the Historian."Unification of German States - Issues - Countries - Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/kctt4me
Political - "Scramble for Africa"
Many European countries including Germany were making a major move for Africa. In 1884 European countries met at the Berlin Conference to discuss which countries would get what part of Africa. Germany gained parts of Africa on both coast which expanded their empire.
Spielvogel, Jackson "World History."
ConnectED. n.p. n.d. Web 10 Feb. 2014
http://tinyurl.com/m582vty
Political - Rule of Otto van Bismarck
Otto van Bismarck became chancellor of Germany in 1862. In 1871, after Bismarck unified Germany and created the Second German Empire, he was named Emperor or Kaiser of Germany. In this new Empire Bismarck put in a federal system that would indirectly give Prussia control of German Empire. He stepped down as Emperor in 1890.
"Dalton, Politics in Germany -- Chapter 1." Dalton, Politics in Germany -- Chapter 1. N.p., 28 Jan. 2013. Web. 06 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/ko9euyx
Religious - Main Religions
Throughout Germany their are millions of people following many different religions. Christianity is the dominant religion in Germany in the 1800's with around 65% of the population following it. There are also smaller denominations within christianity, the German population was more or less split between Lutheran-Protestant and Roman Catholic. This picture is of St. Peter's Cathedral in Trier, Germany. It is the oldest Christian Church in the country.
"Religion in Germany." Expatriate Community for Expats Worldwide. InterNations, n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/mmgkbpe
Religious - Lowering Catholic Presence in Germany
From 1871-1877 Otto van Bismarck led a series of campaigns and created many laws to try and lessen the Roman Catholic presence in Germany. The Cologne Cathedral is the largest roman catholic church in Cologne, Germany. During this time Protestantism was the religion associated to the state nationalism. These laws continued well into the 20th century.
"The Pluralism Project at Harvard University." International Portrait. N.p., Mar. 2010. Web. 06 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/kom434l
Religious - Jews in Europe and Germany
In the mid 19th century Germany and most of Europe was a safe and nice place for Jews. Towards the end of the 19th century and going into the 1900’s Europe and Germany became a anti-Semitic and harsh place for Jews. This led to the two world wars which were both very harsh for Jews were they were hardly oppressed.
"Holocaust | The Roots of the Holocaust." Holocaust | The Roots of the Holocaust. Holocaust, 2009. Web. 06 May 2014.
Intellectual - Women Affecting Education
In the year 1763 Germany officially set up a public school system. During this time it was a law for children to attend school from age 5 through 13. During the earlier half of the 19th century women began to start teaching in public schools. By the middle of the 1800’s many schools in Germany were being taught by female teachers. Many people enjoyed to paint women teaching in schools during this time.
"Germany - History Background." - Education, School, Schools, and University. State University, 2014. Web. 09 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/kqprt7s
Intellectual - Books and Schooling
During the 1800’s the amount of children attending school in Germany was very impressive. Although their were many children attending grade school not as many were going to primary school which is a important part of a child’s growth. Despite this, in Germany and Prussia by 1850 only 20% of the population was illiterate and by 1871 that number went down to 12%.
Breitman, Richard. "Education and Class Cleavage in Late 19th Century Germany." JSTOR. International Labor and Working-Class History, n.d. Web. 09 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/lnmzslt
Intellectual - Typewriters in German Schools
The typewriter was invented by a American in 1867. As they became more popular they started using them in schools as a education tool. Some German schools used typewriters, not many because they were a expensive piece of new technology.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Typewriter (writing Technology)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014. Web. 14 May 2014.
http://tinyurl.com/mpewsva
Technology -
WWI was the first major war that aircraft were used. It gave Germany and the other countries with this technology the upper hand by using the air as a another way for fighting.
"Technological Progress in World War One Aviation." : Meeting Paper Archive: Vol. , No. (AIAA). Aerospace Research Center, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
Photo by ghbrett
