JEWISH GHETTOS

ORIGINS

• Term comes Venetian dialect
• Venetian ghetto est. 1516
• Outgrowth of Jewish quarters
• Speyer 1084, protected settlement
• Abolished in 19th century

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JÜDISCHER WOHNBEZIRK

• Heydrich's orders
• Concentration / transportation
• Judenraete
• 1st ghetto: Piotrków (10.8.39)
• 1000 established ghettos

UMSCHLAGPLATZ

POLICY AIMS

• Racial ideology and Lebensraum
• Aryanization of property
• Forced labor
• Always intended to be provisional
• Three major types

LARGEST GHETTOS

• Warsaw: 400k
• Lódz: 205k
• Lvov: 110k
• Minsk and Amsterdam: 100k
• Terezin: 90k

CONDITIONS

• Overcrowding
• Fuel
• Food
• Typhus
• Communication

IDENTIFICATION

JUDENRAETE

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SIERAKOWIAK QUESTIONS

• Why are primary sources important?
• In a sense are there no children in the ghetto?
• Role of school? What did you make of this?
• "Humiliation inflicted by force does not humiliate?"
• From humor to hope and the loss of both....