THE BRAIN

The Brain consists of four major parts:

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem

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Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain
The cerebrum is responsible for speech, thought, emotion, sensation, and memory
When you talk, think, remember, cry or imagine your using your cerebrum

Cerebrum has 4 lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Frontal lobe
The front of the brain is use for motor skills and expressive language, the motor cortex receives info and uses it to carry out body movement . Damage to the frontal lobe sexual habits, socilization, attention and increasing risk taking.

Parietal
Located in the middle of the brain. Associated with sensory info such as pressure, touch, and pain.
Damage to the parietal lobe result in problems with verbal memory, problem with language, and impaired eye gaze

Occipital lobe
Located in the back of the brain, interpreting visual stimuli and info
Damage is inability to identify colors and trouble recognizing words

Temporal
Located in the bottom of the brain. It interprets sounds and language we hear, known for me memories due to the hippocampus which . . .
Damage can lead to problems with memory, speech, perception and language skills

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Cerebellum
2nd largest part in the brain right below the cerebrum and is responsible for muscle coordination and balance for instance using a computer to type requires a lot of coordination btw eye muscles and the muscles in your hand. The cerebellum keeps track of all these muscles movements. Damage to the cerebellum causes coordination to be off with movement and sight like when someone had a little too much to drink they slur, loose, balance and gaze

Brain Stem
Smallest part of the brain, located below the cerebellum. Connects the brain to the spinal cord and is in charge of involuntary muscles such as the heart and stomach. In charge of breathing, digesting and your hear rate. Damage to the brain stem can cause paralyzation because it controls many functions of the body and heart problems

Involuntary- done without knowing

Brain Stem Divisions

Pons
Midbrain
Medulla Oblongata

Pons: is an area that links different parts
of the brain and serves as a relay station from the
medulla to the higher cortical structures of the brain.
It contains the respiratory center.

Mid Brain
The mesencephalon or midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. Functions of the mesencephalon include controlling responses to sight,
eye movement, pupil dilation, body movement
and hearing

Medulla
The medulla oblongata is a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing and sneezing. Motor and sensory neurons from the midbrain and forebrain travel through the medulla. As a part of the brainstem, the medulla oblongata helps in the transferring of messages between various parts of the brain and the spinal cord.

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The diencephalon, along with the telencephalon (cerebrum) comprise the two major divisions of prosencephalon (forebrain). Main structures of the diencephalon include the hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus. The diencephalon relays sensory information between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system. It also connects structures of the endocrine system with the nervous system and works in conjunction with limbic system structures to generate and manage emotions and memories. The diencephalon is involved in several functions of the body including Directing Sense Impulses Throughout, Motor Function Control, Homeostasis, Hearing, Vision, Smell, and Taste and Touch Perception

Telencephalon Functions are
Determines Intelligence, Determines Personality, Interpretation of Sensory Impulses, Motor function, Planning and Organization, Sense of Smell, Touch Sensation
The Location of the telencephalon is the anterior portion of the brain, rostral to the midbrain. Prosencephalon Functions are Chewing, Directs Sense Impulses Throughout the Body, Equilibrium, Eye Movement, Vision, Facial Sensation! Hearing, Phonation, Intelligence, Memory, Personality, Respiration, Salivation, Swallowing, Smell, Taste located in the prosencephalon is the most anterior portion of the brain. It is also called the forebrain.

Parts of The Diencephalon

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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Thalamus
The thalamus is a large, dual lobed mass of grey matter buried under the cerebral cortex. It is involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions. The thalamus is a limbic system structure and it connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement. As a regulator of sensory information, the thalamus also controls sleep and awake states of consciousness.

Hypothalamus
It's located below the thalamus just above the brain stem. It is responsible for certain metabolic processes(the organic process in cells that is necessary for life) and other activities of the autonomic nervous system

Epithalamus- some functions of it's components include the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland and regulation of motor skills and emotions

BRAIN MATTER

White matter- consists mostly of glial cells.white matter is located on the inside part of the brain

Gray matter- consisting of neurons, dendrites, and glial cells.

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BRAIN FACTS

• The brain is pale with wrinkles
• The entire brain weighs 3-5 pounds
• There are no pain receptors in the brain
• The brain is the fattest organ in the body
• The brain is made up of 75% of water

RESOURCES

• Aboutbiology.com
• Brain-guide.com