19th Century England

RICH LIFE

• The upper and middle classes enjoyed their new-found wealth.
• They lived in large, multi-story houses.
• Their homes contained a lot of furniture and pointless toys.
• Their standard of living is much higher than the middle class today.
• They did not want anyone from the lower classes to achieve this standard of living.

LIFE OF THE POOR

• Life was hard for the poor in the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
• Many farmers lost their land and jobs to machines.
• They went to cities to look for factory jobs.
• There they found that living conditions were hard.

HOUSING FOR THE POOR

• The working class lived in "back to back" housing.
• The backs of the houses were touching, with few windows.
• People also lived in tenement housing, where a family would share a room.
• The poorest of the poor slept outside or on straw.
• Some people live in basements, which were wet with no ventilation.

Factory Life

• Life in the factory was strict and dangerous.
• Due to long working hours, people often got hurt.
• Children as young as five would work in factories and coal mines.
• Lint in textile factories would damage workers lungs.
• Many dangers came along with factory work.

COAL MINES

• Working in coal mines was particularly dangerous.
• Coal dust would destroy worker's lungs.
• Fires and avalanches would kill people.
• It was dark, dirty, and dangerous.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

• Their husbands, who they did not choose, supported women.
• They wore many-layered dresses, or hoop skirts
• Most women did not have jobs or an education.
• They were seamstresses, domestic servants, and factory or farm workers.
• Most were part of the working class.

RELIGION

• The official Church of Britain was the Anglican Church.
• Methodism became popular during this time.
• This is because it gave poor people a "method" for life.
• Others were also Presbyterian, Baptist, Quaker, and Unitarian.
• Few people were Catholic or Jewish.

Scientific Advancements

• John Dalton confirmed the atomic theory and calculate their weight.
• Charles Bell explained the nervous system, improving surgeries.
• Francis Ronalds invented the telegraph, improving communication.
• Doctors Hodgkins, Addison, and Bright investigated diseases.

Other Advancements

• George Stephenson invents the steam-powered train.
• Michael Faraday invents the electronic motor and power generator.
• Lord Kelvin develops his scientific system for measuring temperature.

Jobs

• Employment in the 19th century was for the middle class or the poor.
• The upper class did not work because they had enough money to support themselves.
• Jobs for the working class during this era were very unsafe.
• This is due to limited regulations and terrible conditions.

The workforce

• Children as young as six began laboring in factories.
• They did jobs such as mining and chimney sweeping.
• Men started taking jobs in medicine and law.
• These men were from the upper class, though.
• This is because they had more education and opportunity.

Industrialization

• Before the Industrialization, goods were made very differently.
• Products were made in homes with hand tools and basic machines.
• The textile industry was transformed and improved in the 19th century.
• This provided a higher standard of living and affordable goods.
• Yet, working conditions were dangerous and wages were low.