PHASE CHANGES

SOLIDS TO LIQUID

• Heat a solid: particles move more & spread out
• Spreading out to much: not a solid anymore
• Particles can now slide and glide
• Melting: the process of a solid becoming a liquid
• Melting point: temp. at which 2 substances melt

SOLID TO GAS

• Can directly turn into a gas without becoming a liquid
• Requires solid particles to gain a big amount of energy quickly
• They require that to increase the kinetic energy
• Sublimation: process of going from a solid directly to a gas

LIQUIDS TO GAS

• Hot liquid: particles spread out, moving faster
• Particles spreading out - not a liquid anymore
• Particles now move freely making it a gas

GAS TO LIQUID

• Cool gas - particles move less and come together
• Particles get close - slide and glide
• Condensation: process of changing from a gas to liquid

BOILING

• Liquid becoming a gas
• Produces large bubbles
• Boiling point: temp. at which a substance boils

EVAPORATION

• Liquid becoming a gas
• Only happens at the surface

LIQUIDS TO SOLID

• Cool liquid: particles move less and come closer
• Particles vibrate in place making it a solid
• Freezing: process of a liquid becoming a gas
• Freezing point: temp. at which a solid freezes