4Veran-TheBattleofHattin
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
THE BATTLE OF HATTIN
THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD CRUSADE
The Muslims
- Monotheistic - called God ""Allah""
- The Qur'an is a sacred text and holds the literal translation of God's word.
- The 5 Pillars of Islam : 1. Faith 2. Prayer 3. Fasting 4. Pilgrimage to Mecca (a holy place) 5. Alms
- Believe Jesus is a prophet like Moses and Muhammed, not the Messiah.
Photo by FirasMT
Saladin (Salah al-Din)
- He was a sultan and a political/military leader.
- Unified the Muslims and began amassing an army to rid the Middle East of Latin and Christian military and political control
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The Christians
- Monotheistic
- Believe in God and that Jesus is the Messiah who came to save us all
- The Bible holds God's word and the teachings of Jesus which will guide us throughout our lives
- The Saints intercede on our behalf
Photo by Waiting For The Word
Guy de Lusignan
- He was French and was born around 1129 and died 1194.
- Fought for the Crusaders against Saladin's army and led the Christian troops against Saladin's army at the Battle of Hattin.
- Was taken prisoner along with other Crusaders after the Battle of Hattin but was released when he surrendered the port town of Ashkelon to Saladin
- Was King of Jerusalem through his marriage to Queen Sibyl, but only for a few years because
Why Fight?
- The original crusade was called by Pope Urban II in 1096 to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims and also help Emperor Alexius of the Byzantine Empire against a Turkish threat
- The Third Crusade was led by Richard the Lionheart, King Phillip II, and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I to recapture Jerusalem and the surroundings lands from Saladin
The Battle of Hattin
July 4, 1187
The Start of Saladin's Campaign
- In January 1187, a peaceful caravan of Muslims was attacked, the people taken prisoner (if not killed) and all the goods they carried were taken as well.
- Provoked Saladin to utilize his army and begin his campaign for Jerusalem.
""THIS IS UNACCEPTABLE, KILLING UNARMED PILGRIMS, ON THEIR WAY TO WORSHIP, AND WHATEVER ELSE I DO OR DO NOT DO, THIS IS ONE HEAD I MUST HAVE.""
Saladin's War Strategies
- Throughout his entire campaign, Saladin targeted small, weak groups of Christians quickly. He then would offer them generous terms if they surrendered, but if they did not surrender, he would siege the area, but not for a long amount of time.
- These tactics helped him get many Christian occupied areas, including Jerusalem in October 1187, but it also gave the Crusaders time to regroup in other cities and towns to launch an attack against Saladin's army.
Saladin's Strategy for the Battle of Hattin
- He brought 2,000 foot soldiers and 20,000 calvary to the shores of the Lake of Galilee.
- Arranged his forces between the Lake and the Crusaders, who were dehydrated from a long march across the plains from Sephorie under the hot sun.
- Once the crusaders began attacking the Muslims (it was the only way to get the water), the Muslims set fire to the dry grass - the smoke and heat dehydrated the Crusaders more and they were also burned by the fires.
- The Muslims created a constant noise - chanting, cymbals, drums, and shouting to deafen and intimidate the Crusaders.
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THE CRUSADERS' FORCES
- Led by Guy de Lusignan
- 1,300 Knights (including Templars and Hospitallers)
- 15,000 Foot Soldiers
The Crusaders' Battle Plan
- The troops arrived at Sephorie and marched from there to the plains where the Muslim Army was assembled.
- Unfortunately, the day was hot, there was little water, and the knights and soldiers wore heavy chainmail and padding - they became dehydrated really fast.
- The Crusaders began fighting the Muslims to get to the water - the only way to the water was through the Muslim army.
- It wasn't a great plan.
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The Result
- Saladin won the battle
- Captured all the surviving Crusaders - executed all the Templar Knights and the Hostpitallers but did not execute Guy; Saladin said ""Kings do not execute Kings""
- This was a huge loss for the Crusaders - they has brought all their soldiers to this one battle, leaving cities without defenders, and unfortunately most of the soldiers were killed in the battle.
- This was a key win for the Muslims, it upped the morale of Saladin's warriors, and it helped them regain Jerusalem from the Christians later in the war.
