A Cold War at Home
Published on Dec 03, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
A Cold War at Home
1945-1960
Rise of Middle Class America
Untitled Slide
Suburbanization
Keep up with demand: Build Homes quickly
1947: William J. Levitt plans/builds a neighborhood very quickly:
-- Small houses w/ "expansion attic"
-- Pre-cut lumber and nails shipped from dedicated factory.
-- 26-step, mass-produced homes.
-- Same floor plan for each home.
-- Built 30 houses/day.
-- Called "Levittown, NY."
-- Original plan: rent 2,000 homes. By end: 4,000 sold on 30-year mortgages, no down payment.
Perfected the suburb: Levittown, PA.
-- 1952-1958: 17,311 homes
-- Added amenities to make it a "complete community": parks, public pools, largescale malls, chain restaurants.
1947: William J. Levitt plans/builds a neighborhood very quickly:
-- Small houses w/ "expansion attic"
-- Pre-cut lumber and nails shipped from dedicated factory.
-- 26-step, mass-produced homes.
-- Same floor plan for each home.
-- Built 30 houses/day.
-- Called "Levittown, NY."
-- Original plan: rent 2,000 homes. By end: 4,000 sold on 30-year mortgages, no down payment.
Perfected the suburb: Levittown, PA.
-- 1952-1958: 17,311 homes
-- Added amenities to make it a "complete community": parks, public pools, largescale malls, chain restaurants.
Untitled Slide
"Middle Class America"
Conformity & Equality
Seemed perfect, but wasn't...
In Levittown, for example...
In Levittown, for example...
Racial Tensions
-- Levitt never sold homes to African-Americans
-- 1957: First African-American family in Levittown, PA: Met with racist harrassment and mob violence.
Societal pressures mirrored army organization.
Racial segregation remained.
1945: Sgt. Isaac Woodward: bus from Georgia -> NC. Asked to use the restroom (argument). Driver called police at stop in South Carolina. Woodward beaten by police, eyes irreparably bashed in by billy clubs.
195
-- 1957: First African-American family in Levittown, PA: Met with racist harrassment and mob violence.
Societal pressures mirrored army organization.
Racial segregation remained.
1945: Sgt. Isaac Woodward: bus from Georgia -> NC. Asked to use the restroom (argument). Driver called police at stop in South Carolina. Woodward beaten by police, eyes irreparably bashed in by billy clubs.
195
1954: Brown v Board of Education
-- Levitt never sold homes to African-Americans
-- 1957: First African-American family in Levittown, PA: Met with racist harrassment and mob violence.
Societal pressures mirrored army organization.
Racial segregation remained.
1945: Sgt. Isaac Woodward: bus from Georgia -> NC. Asked to use the restroom (argument). Driver called police at stop in South Carolina. Woodward beaten by police, eyes irreparably bashed in by billy clubs.
-- 1957: First African-American family in Levittown, PA: Met with racist harrassment and mob violence.
Societal pressures mirrored army organization.
Racial segregation remained.
1945: Sgt. Isaac Woodward: bus from Georgia -> NC. Asked to use the restroom (argument). Driver called police at stop in South Carolina. Woodward beaten by police, eyes irreparably bashed in by billy clubs.
1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott
Political Fear Mongering
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
"Duck and Cover"
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Republicans most forceful.
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people
--
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Untitled Slide
Politicians on both sides invoked "the communist threat" and participated in "red-baiting".
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
Republicans most forceful.
Stated that ANYONE could be a secret communist spy.
House Un-American Activities Committee
House Un-American Activities Committee:
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people "Named Names" to avoid prosecution.
-- "Hollywood Ten" would not, were arrested.
-- Hundreds of actors, directors, writers, makeup artists "blacklisted".
-- NO proof.
-- Began in late 30s by Republicans, targeted Hollywood as "dupes of Communism"
-- Even threatened 8yo Shirley Temple.
Came back after WWII.
-- Culturally conservative politicians attacked Hollywood as subversive.
-- Threatening family values or critiquing Middle Class America = Communist sympathies.
-- Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, etc. called to testify.
-- Fearful people "Named Names" to avoid prosecution.
-- "Hollywood Ten" would not, were arrested.
-- Hundreds of actors, directors, writers, makeup artists "blacklisted".
-- NO proof.
1950 "Witch Hunt"
Obscure Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) declared that the State Department was "full of Communists and Communist sympathizers" in 1950.
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Untitled Slide
Obscure Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) declared that the State Department was "full of Communists and Communist sympathizers" in 1950.
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Untitled Slide
Obscure Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) declared that the State Department was "full of Communists and Communist sympathizers" in 1950.
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
"Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator; you've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you no sense of decency?"
Obscure Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) declared that the State Department was "full of Communists and Communist sympathizers" in 1950.
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
Launched the height of the "Red Scare"
Used newspapers and false accusations.
Eventually ended in 1950: "Have you no decency?"
