PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Adjective and Adverb Comparasion
Adjectives
Here are examples of 1st/2nd adjectives
-bonus, -a, -um (good)
-magnus, -a, -um (big)
-parvus, -a, -um (small)
-tardus, -a, -um (slow)
-strenuus, -a, -um (tired)
- laetus, -a, -um (happy)
A Masculine Adjective
Nominative: laetus, laeti
Genative: laeti, laetorum
Dative: laeto, laetis
Accusative: laetum, laetos
Ablative: laeto, laetis
translation: happy
A Feminine Adjective
Nominative: laeta, laetae
Genative: laetae, laetarum
Dative: laeta, laetis
Accusative: laetam, laetas
Ablative: laeta, laetis
translation: happy
A Neuter Adjective
Nominative: laetum, laeta
Genative: laeti, laetorum
Dative: laeto, laetis
Accusative: laetum, laeta
Ablative: laeto, laetis
translation: happy
Here are examples of 3rd declension adjectives!
-levis -is -e (smooth)
-suavis -is -e (sweet)
-omnis -is -e (every)
-brevis -is -e (short)
-mollis -is -e (soft)
Masculine/Feminine 3rd declension adjective
Nominative: brevis, breves
Genative: brevis, brevium
Dative: brevi, brevibus
Accusative: brevem, breves
Ablative: brevi, brevibus
translation: short
Neuter
Nominative: breve, brevia
Genative: brevis, brevium
Dative: brevi, brevibus
Accusative: breve, brevia
Ablative: brevi, brevibus
translation: short
There are THREE Latin degrees in Latin
1) Positive: which is just the dictionary entry
2) Comparative: translated as more ____ , rather ____er
3) Superlative: most _____, very _____
Positive Degree
It is just the dictionary entry so it would be
ex) parvus -a -um
or
ex) celer -e
Comparative Degree
1) Take the stem then ADD an ior then ADD the 3rd declension endings
ex) Nominative sg: laetior
Masculine and Feminine
Nominative: laetior, laetiores
Genative: laetioris, laetiorum
Dative: laetiori, laetioribus
Accusative: laetiorem, laetiores
Ablative: laetiore, laetioribus
translation: rather happier
Neuter
Nominative: laetius, laetiora
Genative: laetioris, laetiorum
Dative: laetiori, laetioribus
Accusative: laetius, laetiora
Ablative: laetiore, laetioribus
translation: rather happier
Superlative Degree
1) Take the stem then ADD [issim] -us -a -um
ex) Nominative sg: brevissimus
Masculine
Nominative: brevissimus, brevissimi
Genative: brevissimi, brevissimorum
Dative: brevissimo, brevissimis
Accusative: brevissimum, brevissimos
Ablative: brevissimo, brevissimis
translation: very short
Feminine
Nominative: brevissima, brevissimae
Genative: brevissimae, brevissimarum
Dative: brevissimae, brevissimis
Accusative: brevissimam, brevissimas
Ablative: brevissima, brevissimis
translation: very short
Neuter
Nominative: brevissimum, brevissima
Genative: brevissimi, brevissimorum
Dative: brevissimo, brevissimis
Accusative: brevissimum, brevissima
Ablative: brevissimo, brevissimis
translation: very short
******If stem ends with "r" then do [errim] -us -a -um
ex)celerrimus
****If stem ends with "l" then do [illim] -us -a -um
ex) facillimus
An Example with all three degrees
ex) celer, celeior, celerrimus
ex) parvus, parviorus, parvissimus
Irregular Adjective Comparison
ex) bonus (good), melior (better), optimus (best)
ex) malus (bad), peior (worse), pessimus (worst)
ex) magnus (big), maior (bigger), maximus (greatest)
More Examples of Irregulars
ex) parvus (small), minor (smaller), minimus (smallest)
ex) multus (much), plus (more), plurimus (very much)
ex) multi (many), plures (more), plurimi (very many)
1st/ 2nd
1) you take the stem and you ADD a e
ex) tardus= tarde
translation: slowly
3rd declension
1) you take the stem then ADD iter
ex) leviter
translation: smoothly
