ADRENAL HORMONES

adrenal cortex (outer)  adrenal medulla (inner)

• Steroid Hormones
• Steroid hormone transport
• Steroid hormones are produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex.
• Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of endocrine cells.

Adrenal Medulla

• an extension of the sympathetic nervous system
• acts as a peripheral amplifier
• examples – exercise, cold, stress, hemorrhage, etc.)
• activated by same stimuli as the sympathetic nervous system

adrenal hormones

• Norepinephrine
• dopamine adrenaline
• Noradrenaline epinephrine

Pheochromocytoma

• adrenal pheochromocytoma (90%)
•  paraganglioma 
• extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma
• headache sweating palpitations chest pain

Adrenal Cortex

• zona glomerulosa  
• zona fasciculata  
• zona reticularis

Zona Glomerulosa

• Secretes mineralocorticoids
• aldosterone.

Zona Reticularis

• androgens.
• Androgenic hormones 

Adrenal Cortex Dysfunctions

• Hypoadrenalism – Addison’s Disease
• Hyperadrenalism – Cushing’s Syndrome
• Adrenal diabetes”
• Adrenogenital syndrome 
• 21 –Hydroxylase Deficiency

Estimation of Adrenal Hormones

• RIA    
• ELISA  
• CLIA (chemiluminiscent immuno assay

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