Almost Everything Known to Man About the Worlds Oceans
Published on Jun 08, 2017
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
So How Did Oceans Form? Scientists believe over vast periods of time our oceans formed. Water remained a gas until the Earth cooled below 212 degrees Fahrenheit. At this time, about 3.8 billion years ago, the water condensed into rain in the clouds which filled parts of the land that are now are our oceans.
When Did The Ocean Become Salty?
After years and years of river flow and evaporation, the salt content of lakes and water built went up to the present levels. The same process made the seas salty. Rivers carry dissolved salts to the ocean. Water evaporates from the oceans to fall again as rain and to feed the rivers, but the salts remain in the ocean.
Photo by Paul Howard Photo
What began marine life? Some have theories that suggest that the first living organisms started life at the depths of the oceans. Why? As evidence concludes that when life on Earth began, about four billion years ago, conditions on the surface would have been unfavorable for life to emerge. Volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts created an erratic climate above ground, but volcanic activity regulated the temperature at the bottom of the ocean at a more favorable 20-50 degrees Celsius. Dr Daniel said:
"Harmful radiation would have been filtered out by the ocean and the high pressure conditions of the ocean could have stabilized essential biological molecules such as DNA and RNA." Which then different organisms evolved and become different species evolving into species we know today such as the dolphin.
What began marine life? Some have theories that suggest that the first living organisms started life at the depths of the oceans. Why? As evidence concludes that when life on Earth began, about four billion years ago, conditions on the surface would have been unfavorable for life to emerge. Volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts created an erratic climate above ground, but volcanic activity regulated the temperature at the bottom of the ocean at a more favorable 20-50 degrees Celsius. Dr Daniel said:
"Harmful radiation would have been filtered out by the ocean and the high pressure conditions of the ocean could have stabilized essential biological molecules such as DNA and RNA." Which then different organisms evolved and become different species evolving into species we know today such as the dolphin.
Zones of the Ocean
The Creatures There and Their Adaptations
The Zones
Sunlight Zone; Sunlight can reach these waters. Water goes from 0-600ft or 0-182m.
Twilight Zone; Sunlight can barely reach these waters. Water goes from 600-3,300ft or 182-1005m.
Midnight Zone; Sunlight can't reach these waters its pitch black. Water goes from 3,300-13,000ft or 1005-3962m.
The Abyss; Pitch Black. Water goes from 13,000-19,000ft or 3962-5791m.
The Mariana Trench to the Sea Floor; Pitch Black. Water goes from 19,000-36,100ft or 5791-11,003m.
Photo by Blue Hour Admiral
SO TO THINK ABOUT IT, HOW DO MARINE CREATURES ADAPT TO THE CRUSHING PRESSURE OF THE WATER?
Photo by NOAA Ocean Explorer
Deep sea diving animals such as the Cuvier beaked Whale which is the only mammal yet recorded to go as deep as 9,816 feet (2991 meters) have lungs that are compressible and can push all of the gas from their lungs into their bloodstream and muscles. As well these organs are well adapted to holding more myoglobin (oxygen-storing protein in muscles) and hemoglobin (a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates). Their lungs also prevent nitrogen from entering the bloodstream, without this adaptation the animal's body would start to bend.
What the bending of the body can do is as it contains nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream could start to from which is damaging and deadly as the blood cells could never recover.
Photo by opacity
Cuvier Beaked Whale
Photo by BioDivLibrary
How about below 25,000 feet?
Creatures that live here are only organisms nothing more. How they survive is having a hydrophilic substance called trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which prevents the distortion and compression of proteins and other vital molecules within the body under intense external pressure. These pressures can't have the life such as mammals or fish.
Photo by frumbert
Mariana Trench Jellyfish lives 25,129 feet
Could Humans Possibly Learn to Adapt to Deep Sea Living? If the world was to overflow with water, humans would have to survive to living in the sea. For example the first adaptation humans would need is to be able to hold their breath for a long time. The longest recorded time was 20 minutes, which could be long enough to catch fish. Secondly our bodies would have to learn to adapt to the sunlight and twilight zone where fish can be found, so adapt at light and medium water pressure. Thirdly we would need webbed feet and hands to be able to swim faster and better. We would also need bigger eyes to be able to absorb more light to be able to see in total darkness, and protective layer of transparent membranes to be able to see where we are going with our eyes open. It could take a human their lifetime to adapt, but the next generation could quickly adapt to the changes, or be born with them.
Photo by zilverbat.
CRUSHED/NOT CRUSHED
Experiment|Example TIME!!!!
Photo by digital deadhead
Our oceans cover 70% of Earth, scientists only estimate that they have only explored 5-10% of it. There's also an estimation of thousands more sea life yet to be discovered. Since 384–322 BC have humans explored our oceans. That's 1633 years of learning and exploring. How many more years or centuries will it take to discover all? Will the oceans be filled with garbage and oil by then? Will those species perish till then? We might never know....
Photo by twinxamot
However, we do know that marine biologists have sent robots such as Kaiko, which has discovered 350 species off the ocean floor from 1995-2003! That means in 8 eight 350 new animals have been discovered. If this progress continues scientists could discover 1000 new species in 10-13 years. For example previously discovered in early March 2016, an octopus was found 13,500 feet below the surface and is named the Ghost Octopus in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii!
Photo by ajari
The Ghost Octopus!
Yes, underwater volcanoes are underwater vents in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. A large number of underwater volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate movement, known as mid-ocean ridges. How many are there?
4,000 volcanoes from the bottom of the ocean floor that reach to 7,500. Does the temperature of lava enable life? Eyeless shrimp thrive at 426 degrees Celsius. They are eyeless because their eyes would otherwise be burned by the deadly temperatures.
Photo by sebastien jacob
The Deep Sea Challenger!
Shocked? Yes, a machine called Deep sea Challenger was designed to reach the deepest part of the Mariana Trench. It was inspired by the giant squid, as the body of the machine is short and cylinder shaped. The beam, the biggest single component, is made of a new kind of foam that provides both flotation and a strong structural core. A specialized structural syntactic foam called Isofloat, which are strong and compressible to withstand the crushing water above and are like a thermos keeping the temperature the same inside while the temperature in the water changes dramatically. On 26 March 2012, was the second manned deep sea dive, when this machine was put into action! Not to mention this beauty costs 5 million USD!
Photo by Neal.
Still, with all the discoveries of new marine life and an invention to explore the ocean, marine life suffers. With poachers killing innocent lives of the Ocean. For example people fish and sell shark bodies to where their fins are cut off then sold to people who will make shark fin soup. Then rest of the sharks body is thrown into the ocean. The Great White Sharks population has drooped a million in the past decade. Not to mention with global warming, sea levels might rise so high that we will have nowhere but to go to the ocean as the land will be filled with water. What will happen to the innocent lives of the ocean? Is it certain to be positive? If we help it can be better!
Photo by Benson Kua
Hopefully, You Enjoyed!
The End!
Bibliography
-Google
-YouTube
-Wikipedia
-http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2006/Lifebottomocean.asp
-http://www.deepseachallenge.com/the-sub/
Photo by Pilottage
