ALTRUISM

The unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Looks at when we are most and least likely to help others.

THE BYSTANDER EFFECT

The theory that if more people are around there is a smaller chance of them helping someone who is in trouble

THE SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

IN SIMPLER TERMS

• If the reward antipicated from helping exceeds the cost of helping
• = YOU WILL HELP!!!
• Ex. Sharing water at practice
• Reward - good feelings, friend is healthy, social approval
• Cost - losing water for yourself

RECIPROCITY NORM

THE BIG BANG THEORY

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY NORM

COOPERATION

COOPERATION

• Use subordinate goals, which are reached using cooperation
• Subordinate goals - shared goals that override people's differences
• Leads to new inclusive group desolving boundaries of subgroups
• Ex. Muzafer Sherif's experiment
• Made boys go from enemies to friends through shared goals

COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION

• When situation is too heavy, a mediator will step in
• Requires interaction between givers and recievers
• Initial arbitrariness forces us to consider both speaking & understanding
• Mediator aims for cooperative win-win orientation rather than win-lose
• Ex. Two friends fighting

CONCILIATION

GRIT

• GRADUATED & RECIPROCATED INITIATIVES IN TENSION-REDUCTION
• A STRATEGY DESIGNED TO DECREASE INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS
• ONE SIDE MUST OFFER RECOGNITION OF MUTUAL INTEREST
• INCREASEs TRUST AND COOPERATION
• SIMPLE ACTIONS (SMILE) CAN SPARK MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

• WHAT MAKES US MORE PRONE TO HELP OTHERS?
• HAVE ANY OF THESE RULES INFLUENCED YOUR HELPING BEHAVIOR?