Ancient Rome

Roads in Rome

• The Roman roads were made of layers of rock.
• The builders made the first layer out of large stones.
• Afterwards, a layer of sand, small stones, and others.
• They then added a layer of tiles broken into pieces.
• Kerb stones and paving stones make the top layer.

Roads in rome continued

• There are extra stones that fill in the gaps on the top layer.
• This makes the road fairly straight and smooth to walk and drive on.
• As a result, it allows water to flow downhill.
• This action is much like a water channel.

The roman Colosseum

• The Roman Colosseum was a glorious structure.
• It was originally built to be an amphitheater.
• The Colosseum towered over Rome's buildings.
• It was used for gladiators to kill to entertain the rich.
• Today the Colosseum is in ruins, 2/3 of it has been destroyed.

The Roman Colosseum continued

• In ancient times, Emperor Vespasian had the idea to make an amphitheater.
• He began the construction and plans but died and could not finish his work.
• His son and successor Emperor Titus continued his father's work.
• After finishing it, he opened it proudly and it was a success.

Julius Caesar

• Julius Caesar was the ruler or dictator of Rome.
• In his younger days, he was a politician and wise military general.
• His rule gave Rome much strength, he conquered many areas.
• Some of the places he'd conquered were Gaul (France)...
• Much of Europe, and areas around the Mediterranean Sea.

Augustus Caesar

• After Julius Caesar's reign ended, his successor Augustus took control.
• Augustus Caesar's real name was Octavian but he changed it afterwards.
• Octavian's grand-uncle was the Emperor Julius Caesar.
• A battle took place over his throne and Augustus won.
• That was the reason of his reign, a battle which he would win.

Roman Myth (Romulus and REmus)

• Romulus and Remus were twin brothers that were left on the River Tiber.
• They were found by a female wolf and were raised as her own.
• Eventually they were found by a shepherd and his wife.
• They were raised to adulthood and fought over the founding of Rome.
• Remus had been killed by his brother and left Romulus the founder. 

Roman Myth (Roman and Greek culture)

• Roman beliefs were greatly influenced by Greek culture.
• Many of their ways were based off of the Greeks.
• Their deities share the same myths, positions, and stories.
• They had named the planets after their deity's Roman form.

Roman Law (The 12 Tables)

• The 12 tables were laws of Ancient Rome.
• They were written by the patricians and dealt with most issues.
• They were placed in the Forum, the center of the city.
• By placing the laws in the Forum, all citizens will know the laws.

Roman Laws (Government)

• The Roman citizens elected representatives to run the government.
• There were 3 main branches, the Senate, the Assembly, and the 2 consuls.
• The Senate was made up of patricians.
• The Assembly was made of representatives that were elected by plebians.
• The Roman government was much like the modern-day USA republic.

Latin, The language of Rome

• In Ancient Rome, the mainly spoken language was Latin.
• It was used mostly in the Catholic Churches to keep order and mystery.
• This language was used in the churches sacred writings.
• This made it difficult for people that didn't understand Latin.

Latin continued

• Afterwards, translations of the sacred writings were in the vernacular.
• The vernacular is a person's native tongue or language.
• After the translations, Latin slowly decreased in use.
• Though Latin was gone, it was the main base root for many modern words.

Roman Numerals

• Roman Numerals consisted of...
• I equals 1         C equals 100
• V equals 5        D equals 500
• X equals 10      M equals 1000
• L equals 50

Roman Numerals continued

• These numbers are still used today.
• The numerals used subtractive notation.
• Subtractive notation is whenever a smaller number comes before a larger...
• number, it is subtracted.
• So IV equals 5-1, which is equal to 4.