ANCIENT ROME

Aqueducts

• They were built  to carry water into the town
• They look like a bridge built on arches 
• Many Roman buildings copied the design of arches 
• The aqueducts were very important.
• They showed that Romans were advanced.

Roman baths

• The Romans took bath outside their homes
• Men and women bathed seperately
• Women came in the morning and men in the afternoon 
• Romans wore a light cloth called subligaculum
• They exercised in the center of the bath called palaestra.

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• They put oil on their body which was removed by a metal
• The metal instrument was called strigil.
• The warm rooms with hot floors and no water was called tepidarium.
• The rooms with hot water were called coldarium .
• The cold water bathrooms were called frigidarium.

Julius Caesar

• His name represents July and he had a son with Cleopatra.
• He became the ruler of Rome and annexed Gaul and most of western Europe
• He returned with his army to Rome and started a civil war.
• He was murdered by the senate on the Ides of March 44BC.
• He got rid of the corrupt republic and created the first Roman empire

Octavian Augustus Caesar

• He was the first emperor of Rome after Julius Caesar.
• He was not kind but clever and a good lawmaker.
• The empire got bigger and he built roads across the empire.
•  He fought wars against  Anthony and Cleopatra who wanted to rule Rome.
• His name represents August and he died when he was 76 years old

nero

• He was adopted by Claudius and became emperor at 17 years old.
• He wanted to be an actor and poet and people thought he was mad.
• He collected taxes and was very harsh on the poor people.
• He played the fiddle while Rome was on fire and then he killed himself. 

Roman Mythology

• Many of the roman gods and goddesses were similar to the Greeks.
• Some of the them were Jupiter, Venus, Minerva, Diana and Apollo.
• Romulus and Remus were twins left in a basket near the River Tiber.
• They were looked after by a she wolf till a shepherd found them.
• Romulus killed his brother and built Rome where the wolf had found them.

Calendars and Planets

• They used calendars looking at the sun moon and the different seasons.
• Sosigenes made the calendar of 365 days.
• The Roman calendar was made under Julius Caesar called Julian calendar.
• Example Juno is the roman goddess that represents June.
• Planets were named after gods - people prayed to Mars as the god of war.

Roman Law

• It was called the 12 Tables of Roman Law.
• These laws were for all the rich and poor people.
• The laws were about crime, property, marriage and other things.
• It was very important under the Republic.
• These laws were written on metal tablets for everyone.

Latin

• It was the language in ancient Rome.
• It originated in Italy and is considered a dead language.
• Many English words still use Latin terms.
• Catholic Priests still pray in Latin.
• Example - percent, post mortem, vice versa, alma mater.

Roman Numerals

• They used a different numbering system than the Arabic used today.
• Some of them are still used today. 
• The important ones to know are I = 1; V = 5; X=10;L=50;C=100;D=500;M=1000.
• It is hard to read sometimes. 

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