AP European Enlightenment
Published on Nov 18, 2015
Enlightenment Philosophes, Philosophers, Spread of Ideas, Enlightenment Impact on Religion
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
The Enlightenment
Applying the Scientific Revolution to Society
The Enlightenment
Influence of the Scientific Revolution
and context of the Reformation
Republic of Letters
Voltaire's Correspondence
Big Ideas
- Faith in human reason and classical values for the improvement of society
- Criticized absolutism and mercantilism
- Embraced political liberty and the free market
- New philosophies of deism, atheism, and religious toleration
Early Enlightenment Thinkers
John Locke
John Locke
- Tabula Rasa - importance of education
- Discovery of Natural Laws would lead to better secular laws
- Rejected Patriarchal foundation of the state
- Social Contract between Government and People
The Philosophes
French Enlightenment Philosophers
Montesquieu
- Critical of colonial empire and slavery
- Spirit of Laws - 3 Branches of Government
- Inspired by British Constitutionalism
Voltaire
Satirical Critiques of Religion and Society
Voltaire
- Critical of institutionalized religion
- Deistic - Watchmaker Theory
- Advocated for religious tolerance, freedom of press and speech
- Admirer of Catherine the Great
Diderot
Encyclopedia
Diderot
- Compiled the Encyclopedia
- Often censored by French Monarchy
- Attempted to organize and classify all knowledge
Photo by TB Cave
Rousseau
Social Contract and Emile
Rousseau
- Focused on the idea of human freedom
- Existing social institutions corrupted humanity
- Social Contract - Sovereign power was the general will of the people
- Influenced the Romantic Movement
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Salons, Masonic Lodges, and Academies
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Rise of Popular Science
Growing Literacy
Novels, Newspapers, and Histories
Private Entertainment
Opera and the Theater
Effects on Religion
Divergence of Rationalism and Pietism
