PERIOD 7

NEW IMPERIALISM

• Imperialism-gain control over politcal-economic life in other counties
• Industrailized United States in late 19th century
• Missionaries use imperialism to soread the gospel
• United States has 3rd largest navy in world to get control of foreign markets

CAUSES OF SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

• Jingoism (intense nationalism that means aggressive foreign policy)
• Cuban revolt to overthrow Spanish rule from 1868-1878
• Yellow Journalism- false/exaggerated accounts of the Spanish rulers
• De Lome letter (1898)- against President Mckinley that was a insult to American Honor
• U.S Maine exploding in Cuba

PEACE TREATY

• Cuban independance
• U.S acquisition of Puerto Rico, Guam
• Philippines to U.S for 20million to Spain
• U.S will help Cuban government (Platt amend.)
• U.S will have naval bases in Cuba (Platt amend.)

OPEN DOOR POLICY

• Spheres of influence- dominate trade and investment within the sphere
• Control of the spheres: Japan, Russia, Britain, France, Germany
• American 'Open Door'- equal trading rights in all spheres
• U.S commitment to preserve China's territorial integrity

PANAMA CANAL

• Hay-Pauncefote treaty- joint American-British control of Canal
• Hay-Bunau Varilla treaty- all rights to American control of canal for U.S protection
• Roosevelt Corollary- America intervene in Latin America rather then European powers
• Roosevelt Corollary added to the Monroe Doctine

Agreements with Japanese government

Gentleman's Agreement

Root-Takashira agreement

TAFT AND WILSON AS PRESIDENTS

• Dollar Dipomacy- believe in expanding investment in foreign markets
• Lodge Corallary- non-european would not own land in West Hemisphere
• Lodge Corallary added to Monroe Doctine
• Moral Diplomacy (Wilson)- respect other nations & spread democracy
• Jones Act- give Philippines a stable gov. (Bill of rights, voting rights)

PROGRESSIVISM

• Progressivism- make moderate politcal-social improvements by gov. action
• Most progressives were middle-class men/women
• Missionary work to response to urban poverty

MUCKRAKERS

• Stories about investigating government corruption
• The Jungle
• Tweed days in St. Louis (1902)

POLITICAL REFORMS TO CITIES AND STATES

• Secret ballots
• Direct primaries
• Direct election of Senators (17th Amend.)

POLITICAL REFORM: CONTINUED

• Amendments to state constitutions
• 1. Initiatives- legislation consider a bill
• 2. Referendum- proposed laws on voting ballot
• 3. Recall- remove corrupt politician

STATE AND NATIONAL REFORMS

• Prohibition (state)
• Social Welfare- social justice movement that needed politcal support
• Square deal (National)- fair treatment of labor
• Stop trusts- railroad monopolies

NATIONAL REFORM: CONTINUED

• ICC created
• Prue Food and Drug act
• Meat Inspection act

TAFT'S PRESIDENCY

• 1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• 2. Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy

WILSON'S PROGRESSIVE PROGRAMS

• Tariff reduction & banking reform
• Clayton Antitrust Act
• Federal Trade Commission
• Federal Farm Loan Act
• Child Labor Act

SOCIALIST PARTY IDEALS

• Pulic ownership of utilities
• Eight-hour workday
• Pensions for employees

AFRICA AMERICANSS IN PROGRESSIVE ERA

• Washington vs. Du Bois
• Migration
• 19th amendment passes

Untitled Slide

WORLD WAR 1 CAUSES

• Death of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Austrian Gov. threat war against Serbia
• Germany declares war against France & invades Beligum
• Britain declares war on Germany
• Underlining: nationlism, imperlism, militarism, with pulic-secret alliances

TRADE

• America traded with all sides
• Allied trade shot up, German trade vanished (1914-1917)
• British Gov. propaganda against German
• America prepares for war, however not in the war yet

CAUSES FOR AMERICAN PARTICIPATION

• Zimmermann telegram
• Russian Revolution to Communism
• Restarted submarie attacks by Germany

MOBILIZATION

• War Industries Board
• Food Adminstration
• Fuel Aminstration

CIVIL LIBERTIES

• Espionage and Sedition Acts
• Schenck v. United States
• Selective Service Act

PEACE AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Wilson's 14 points (League of Nations)
• Germany disarmed & stripped of colonies and pay damages to Britain & France
• Independence given to German controlled nations and new nations created
• Signing nations would join the League of Nations
• America against League of Nations

POST WAR PROBLEMS

• Red Scare
• Strikes of 1919
• Race riots

WARREN HARDING AS PRESIDENT

• Income tax reduced
• Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act
• Bureau of Budget
• Teapot Dome Scandal

PROSPERITY AND PROBLEMS

• Increase productivity
• Increase customer products
• High prices for farming from WW1 fall
• Wartime policy for minimum price for wheat/corn stopped
• Farmers now in heavy debt

NEW CULTURE

• Harlem Renaissance (Jazz Age)
• Revolt of sexual taboos
• Women independance (short dresses, short hair)
• Lost generation (writers)

CONFLICTS

• Modernists- theory of evolution without losing the bible faith
• Fundamentalism- all life is explained in Genesis
• Scopes Trail (results)- laws are never enforced about

PROHIBITION

• Prohibition amendment 1919
• Defying law the with speakeasies, bootlegging (bathtub gin)

NATIVISM

• Nativist Protestants against foreign workers
• Quota act of 1921
• Quota act of 1924- limit number of of poeple from South/East Europe

DISARMAMENT

• Washington Conference (1921)
• 1. Five-power Treaty
• 2. Four-power Treaty
• 3. Nine-power Treaty

CAUSES OF THE DEPRESSION

• Boom of the stock market (stock rising up for almost 2 1/2 years)
• Black Thursday
• Black Tuesday- millions sold stock

CAUSES OF THE CRASH

• Uneven distribution of income
• Buying on margin
• Buying with credit
• Overproduction of goods
• Weak farm economy

EFFECTS OF THE CLASH

• Gross National Product dropped
• High unemployment
• Hovervilles

RESPONDING AND PROTESTS

• Hawley-Smout Tariff (1930)
• Bonus March

NEW DEAL FIRST 100 DAYS

• Relief, Recovery, reform
• Bank holiday
• Repeal prohibition
• Fireside chats

PROGRAMS: RECOVERY

• Emergency Bank Act
• Glass- Steagall Act
• Home Owners Loan Corp. (HOLC)
• Farm Credit Admin.

PROGRAMS: UNEMPLOYMENT

• Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)
• Public Works Admin. (PWA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps. (CCC)
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

PROGRAMS: FARMING & INDUSTRIAL

• Agricultural Adjustment Admin. (AAA farming)
• National Recovery Admin. (NRA business)

OTHER PROGRAMS

• Civil Works Admin. (CWA)
• Securities/Exchange Commission (SEC)
• Federal Housing Admin. (FHA)

SECOND NEW DEAL: RELIEF & REFORM

• Works progress Admin. (WPA)
• Wagner Act
• Rural Electrification Admin. (REA)
• Federal taxes
• Social Security Act

AGAINST NEW DEAL

• Father Coughlin
• Dr. Townsend
• Huey Long

LIFE ON DEPRESSION

• Problems for Dust Bowl farmers
• Race problems for African Americans
• Wheeler-Howard Act

ROOSEVELT POLICIES

• Good neighbor policy
• Economic diplomacy
• 1. Recognition of Soviet Union
• 2. Independence of Philippines by 1946

EVENTS ABROAD

• Mussolini to power in Italy
• Fascist ideology into rise of Hitler
• Japan invades China for raw materials

ISOLATIONISTS IN AMERICA

• Neutrality acts
• In 1935,1936,1937

BEFORE WAR: FASCIST AGGRESSION

• Ethiopia (1935) invaded by Mussolini
• Rhineland (1936) invaded by Hitler
• China (1937) full war with Japan
• Sudetenland (1938) Hitler takes control, unopposed

CHANGE U.S POLICY

• Cash and Carry
• Selective Service Act

DEMOCRACY

• Four freedoms
• Lend-Lease Act
• Atlantic Charter
• Shoot-on Sight

PROBLEMS WITH JAPAN

• America cuts Japan of raw materials (oil)
• Pearl Harbor
• Declaration of war against Japan

HOME FRONT: MOBILIZATION

• War Production Board (WPB)
• Office of War Mobilization (OWN)
• Increase income tax & selling war bonds
• Office of War Information
• Manhattan Project

IMPACT ON SOCIETY

• NAACP increased, CORE was created
• Japanese interment camps
• Women rose to take jobs of soldiers

BATTLES IN EUROPE

• Bombing German cities
• D-Day saving France
• Discover Holocaust

BATTLES AGAINST JAPAN

• Battle of Midway
• Island-Hopping
• Battle of Okinawa
• Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki

YALTA (1945)

• Germany divided
• Soviets enter war against Japan, just as they surrendered
• United Nations was formed