PRESENTATION OUTLINE
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes.
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
a particle smaller than an atom (e.g., a neutron) or a cluster of such particles (e.g., an alpha particle).
It is used to describe where electrons are when they go around the nucleus of an atom.
the fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have. the fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have.
is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
means thermodynamic stability of a chemical system. Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment.
is the impetus for which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, with an overall release of energy.
a material or device that conducts or transmits heat, electricity, or sound, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this.
a substance or device that does not readily conduct electricity.
a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals,
