Bailey Belisario's Sixth Period Haiku Deck
AP World History Key Concepts Period 6
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
PERIOD SIX
1900 TO THE PRESENT
Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment
6.1 I. Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the development of new technology.
6.1 I A. New modes of communication and transportation virtually eliminated the problem of geographic distance. The telephone was invented making it easy to get messages across a whole country without even moving. Cars and planes were made to make it an easier way to travel to places by walking or by boat.
As the phone was invented by Edison early in the 19th, it revolutionized the world. Planes and cars changed methods of transportation. The Internet sped up communication and further connected the global world.
6.1 I B. New scientific paradigms transformed human understanding of the world (such as the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, the Big Bang theory or psychology). The theory of relativity was developed by Albert Einstein in the early 1900s. There are two theories of relativity. The first is special relativity and the second is general relativity.
6.1 I C. The Green Revolution produced food for the earth’s growing population as it spread chemically and genetically enhanced forms of agriculture. In the 20th century, big spending in modern scientific research for agriculture led to higher crop yields in the industrial countries. It is the practice of large work in agriculture.
Photo by swisscan
6.1 I D. Medical innovations (such as the polio vaccine, antibiotics or the artificial heart) increased the ability of humans to survive. The artificial heart is used whenever your heart has failed and it needs another. The artificial heart was made to replace the heart and guarantee life still.
Photo by unicefguinea
6.1 I E. New energy technologies (such as the use of oil or nuclear power) raised productivity and increased the production of material goods. Nuclear power was a major breakthrough because it was a resource of long sustaining energy. Unfortunately this nuclear power is highly prone to unstabilization, like in Chernobyl.
Photo by Matt. Create.
6.1 II. Humans fundamentally changed their relationship with the environment.
6.1 II A. Humans exploited and competed over the earth’s finite resources more intensely than ever before in human history. Many resource productions increased on a major scale. Many oil rigs were built, deforestation started occuring, and because of crops left unattended, desertification started as well.
Photo by rubyblossom.
6.1 II B. Global warming was a major consequence of the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Many areas of the world covered by ice have reduced because of the heating of the atmosphere. Global warming has been a concern for many years, and remains a concern.
Photo by scrappy annie
6.1 II C. Pollution threatened the world's supply of water and clean air. Deforestation and desertification were continued consequences of the human impact on the environment. Rates of extinction of other species accelerated sharply. Animals and environments are suffering greatly because of pollution. Acid Rain back in the 1900s was a major concern because it killed many living things because of the acid falling down.
Photo by db™
6.1 III. Disease, scientific innovations and conflict led to demographic shifts.
6.1 III A. Diseases associated with poverty (such as malaria, tuberculosis or cholera) persisted, while other diseases (such as the 1919 influenza pandemic, ebola or HIV/AIDS) emerged as new epidemics and threats to human survival. In addition, changing lifestyles. The African countries are the largest victim to these diseases causing many of the countries to be very poor and not able to develop into a well sustained country.
Photo by DVIDSHUB
6.1 III B. More effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility and transformed sexual practices. Because of the population increase of the 20th Century, it is a major concern for women to have birth control practices because the world was growing so fast.
Photo by afagen
6.1 III C. Improved military technology (such as tanks, airplanes or the atomic bomb) and new tactics (such as trench warfare or firebombing) led to increased levels of wartime casualties (such as Nanjing, Dresden or Hiroshima). Fat Man, and Little Boy, two products of the Manhattan Project, were used against the Japanese in WWII to end the war. Trench warfare was used to establish better defense on the battlefield in WWI and later wars.
Photo by Pierre J.
Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
6.2 I. Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional political organization by the century’s end.
6.2 I A. Older land-based empires (such as the Ottoman, Russian or the Qing) collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors (such as economic hardship, political and social discontent, technological stagnation or military defeat). After WWI the Ottoman Empire collapsed due to an unstable government causing them to become Turkey. The Russian Monarchy was overthrown to bring on what was the USSR.
Photo by archer10 (Dennis) REPOSTING
6.2 I B. Some colonies negotiated their independence (such as India or the Gold Coast from the British Empire). India was a big colony to the British. Gandhi led India into independence because the country did not want to be ruled by a country almost halfway around the world. Gandhi used non-violent protest as a factor to the independence.
Photo by bikashdas
6.2 I C. Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle (such as Algeria and Vietnam from the French empire or Angola from the Portuguese empire). The Angolan War of Independence began as an uprising against forced cotton cultivation. Later, it became a multi-faction struggle for the control of Portugal's Overseas Province of Angola among three nationalist movements and a separatist movement.
Photo by A Guy Taking Pictures
6.2 II. Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of Empires.
6.2 II A. Nationalist leaders (such as Mohandas Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh or Kwame Nkrumah) in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule. Gandhi led India into their independence against the British Empire. Gandhi used non-violent protest to gain the independence.
Photo by Pedro Fanega
6.2 II B. Regional, religious and ethnic movements (such as that of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Quebecois separatist movement or the Biafra secessionist movement) challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries. Jinnah created the Muslim League. The Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims.
Photo by meemainseen
6.2 II C. Transnational movements (such as communism, Pan-Arabism or Pan-Africanism) sought to unite people across national boundaries. Communism became a major issue in the 20th Century. The ideas were made to create a perfect society, but in reality, this would never be achieved, for there is no perfect society in today's world. The government controls basically everything. It could have been a good idea if it wasn't put to bad use.
Photo by Fahamu and Pambazuka News
6.2 II D. Within states in Africa, Asia and Latin America, movements promoted communism and socialism as a way to redistribute land and resources. Communism spread real quick among many nations, as it promoted that it was the way to the perfect society. The political leaders became too happy with communism and just benefited themselves.
Photo by johnxfire
6.2 III. Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
6.2 III A. The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population resettlements (such as the India/Pakistan partition, the Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine or the division of the Middle East into mandatory states). Boundaries really shifted many populations and the way they were living. Due to boundary shift, conflicts began to happen among nations declaring it be their land.
Photo by CORE-Materials
6.2 III B. The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (such as South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France or Filipinos to the United States) maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires. Many people of these lower level countries came to the industrialized countries to find work. They believed that they could achieve great things with many opportunities.
Photo by planeta
6.2 III C. The proliferation of conflicts led to genocide (such as Armenia, the Holocaust, Cambodia or Rwanda) and the displacement of peoples resulting in refugee populations (such as the Palestinians or Darfurians). Genocide became another major concern in this era because so many people were being killed that it was a total mess. The Holocaust ended up almost wiping out a whole entire race of people that they are lucky to be still present.
Photo by paraclafilms
6.2 IV. Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale.
6.2 IV A. World War I and World War II were the first “total wars.” Governments used ideologies, including fascism, nationalism and communism, to mobilize all of their state’s resources, including peoples, both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies (such as the Gurkha soldiers in India or the ANZAC troops in Australia), for the purpose of waging war. Governments also used a variety of strategies, including political speeches, art, media and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize these populations. WWI and WWII were both devastating wars for the world causing many countries to fear each other after learning to make the atomic bomb and soon the nuclear bomb.
Photo by Anna & Michal
6.2 IV B. The varied sources of global conflict in the first half of the century included: imperialist expansion by European powers and Japan, competition for resources, ethnic conflict, great power rivalries between Great Britain and Germany, nationalist ideologies, and the economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression. The Great Depression was an economic crisis for the United States ending in a super poor population. Inflamtion and the cost of living was off balance in this era causing everything to go haywire.
Photo by ford
6.2 IV C. The global balance of economic and political power shifted after the end of World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and communism throughout the globe. The Cold War could have ended up into the beginning of WWIII because of the nuclear arms race. We had missles pointed at them and they had missles pointed at us. It all ended though after the fall of the Soviet Union in the 80s.
Photo by zoomar
6.2 IV D. The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and promoted proxy wars in Latin America, Africa and Asia. NATO and the Warsaw Pact are examples of alliances created to basically say to each other that there will be no more war that goes on between them. NATO dealt with only a few nations and was created after WWI.
Photo by Larry He's So Fine
6.2 IV E. The dissolution of the Soviet Union effectively ended the Cold War. The Soviet Union's fall was a great day in history for the whole world. The communist threat of the USSR really slowed down the concern for communism and caused them to become a great nation today, Russia.
Photo by archer10 (Dennis) REPOSTING
6.2 V. Although conflict dominated much of the 20th century, many individuals and groups — including states — opposed this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified the conflicts.
6.2 V A. Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century (such as Picasso in his Guernica, the antinuclear movement during the Cold War or Thich Quang Duc by self-immolation), and some promoted the practice of nonviolence (such as Tolstoy, Gandhi or Martin Luther King) as a way to bring about political change. Martin Luther King had a dream. MLK showed the United States and the world that you are human, no matter what color. He led the country into an even greater country.
Photo by Tony Fischer Photography
6.2 V B. Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political and social orders (such as the Non-Aligned Movement, which presented an alternative political bloc to the Cold War; the Tiananmen Square protesters that promoted democracy in China; the Anti-Apartheid Movement; or participants in the global uprisings of 1968). The Tiananmen Square protests were sadly shot down by the government literally. The Chinese army killed many people that protested against the idea's of their communist government.
Photo by harryalverson
6.2 V C. Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict (such as the promotion of military dictatorship in Chile, Spain and Uganda; the United States’ promotion of a New World Order after the Cold War; or the buildup of the “military-industrial complex” and arms trading). Conflicts around the world started to happen because other countries did not like other countries. Terrorism eventually occured.
Photo by Tony Webster
6.2 V D. More movements (such as the IRA, ETA or Al-Qaeda) used terrorism to achieve political aims. 9/11 is an example of a terrifying terrorist attack. The Department of Homeland Security was not prepared for something like this happening. Sadly many lives were lost that day in 2001, causing the government's around the world to become more protective to their own country.
Photo by slagheap
6.2 V E. Global conflicts had a profound influence on popular culture (such as Dada, James Bond, Socialist Realism or video games). The terrorist attacks in the modern world has influenced games that many people play today. We learn about history playing these games.
Photo by nikisiffredi
Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society and Culture
6.3 I. States, communities and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of institutions of global governance.
6.3 I A. New international organizations (such as the League of Nations or the United Nations) formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation. The UN was created to show the world, one that we could come together and discuss political terms, and two, showing there is no need for war anymore and that the world is one.
Photo by iakoubtchik
6.3 I B. New economic institutions (such as the IMF, World Bank or WTO) sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world. The world bank was a great innovative way for the world to come together. The world bank accepts every currency in exchange for another.
Photo by Images_of_Money
6.3 I C. Humanitarian organizations (such as UNICEF, the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders or WHO) developed to respond to humanitarian crises throughout the world. The Red Cross was a foundation created to aid the people in need of medical treatment. People donate and others receive that donation. The Red Cross helps millions every year.
Photo by British Red Cross.
6.3 I D. Regional trade agreements (such as the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN or Mercosur) created regional trading blocs designed to promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders. The EU was created to bring together European Nations and use one currency. This union showed other that it is a great benefit to be able to work together and not be different in everything.
Photo by MPD01605
6.3 I E. Multinational corporations (such as Royal Dutch Shell, Coca-Cola or Sony) began to challenge state authority and autonomy. Coca-Cola was originally a patent medicine that actually used cocaine. The drink however was wanted by so many people that the cocaine was taken out and sold as a soft-drink. This soon became one of the most famous drinks of the world.
Photo by Kay Gaensler
6.3 I F. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration. Many people became fond for the environment wanting to keep it safe from many pollutants. Sooner or later this needed to happen or we would just trash our world.
Photo by craftivist collective
6.3 II. People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; some challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender and religion, often using new technologies to spread reconfigured traditions.
6.3 II A. The notion of human rights gained traction throughout the world (such as the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, women’s rights or the end of the White Australia Policy). Women's rights became a big issue in the beginning of the 20th century. Women wanted power like the men and near the end of the 20th century, it finally happened.
Photo by UCCS Kraemer Family Library
6.3 II B. Increased interactions among diverse peoples sometimes led to the formation of new cultural identities (such as negritude) and exclusionary reactions (such as xenophobia, race riots or citizenship restrictions). Because of many culture and race issues, riots broke out, many in the 60s, causing much havoc. Malcom X promoted violent protest causing many riots in the US.
Photo by Steve Crane
6.3 II C. Believers developed new forms of spirituality (such as New Age Religions, Hare Krishna or Falun Gong) and chose to emphasize particular aspects of practice within existing faiths and apply them to political issues (such as fundamentalist movements or Liberation Theology). These New Age Religions were promoted very promptly in this century. It was soon put into politics causing countries to fall under mostly one religion.
Photo by Thomás
6.3 III. Popular and consumer culture became global.
6.3 III A. Sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations (such as World Cup Soccer, the Olympics or cricket). The World Cup is a great experience for all around the world. Fans of many nations come together to support their team and bring excitement. Soccer, being the most popular sport in the world, helps many come together as one.
Photo by babasteve
