Biochemistry and Cells

Cells

• The Cell Membrane controls what can enter the cell and what leaves
• Cell Membrane made of Phospholipid Bilayer.
• Bilayer made of Hydrophilic Heads and Hydrophobic Tails
• Heads are made of Phosphates, Tails made of Fatty Acids
• Mitochondria are "power houses" of cells 

Cells

• Instructions for making proteins are DNA located in the Nucleus of the Cell
• The Nucleus is also the part that controls the cell
• Mitosis is process of cell duplication
• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Interphase
• Meiosis is when a cell divides into Haploids with half set of chromosomes

Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic structure and function in living things
• All cells come from existing cells

Biochemistry

• Cellular Respiration
• C6H12O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP
• Catalysts are enzymes that reduce the ATP in the beginning
• This speeds up the chemical reaction
• Biomolecules make up Cells

biomolecules

• Proteins - made of amino acids
• Carbohydrates - made of monosaccharides
• Lipids - made of glycerol and fatty acids
• Nucleic Acids - made of nucleotides

Passive vs. Active Transport

• Passive doesn't require energy while Active does
• Passive : Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis
• Active : Protein Pumps, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
• Transportation of particles between cells and surrounding
• Maintains Homeostasis 

Passive Transport

• Molecules move randomly from high to low concentration
• Diffusion is random movement of particles
• Osmosis is diffusion of water 

Active transport

• Protein Pumps are proteins that use energy to transport particles
• Endocytosis is process of taking bulky materials into the cell
• Cell in-folds around food particle
• Forms food vacuole and digests food
• Exocytosis is opposite of endocytosis, forcing materials out