Performative Power
- The practice of naming and categorizing - "Performative acts are forms of authoritative speech"
- Power does not come from a "speaking subject"
- "[B]inding power" comes from citing previous conventions.
Butler first begins discussing Eve Sedgwick's idea on the process of "queering" that "persists as a defining moment of perfomativity" (224) in which the practice of naming and categorizing—through the "speech acts"—enforces a certain "binding power" over actions. For example, when the priest says, "I pronounce you man and wife," the power and ideology of "heterosexualization" is reestablished and reinforced each time. In other words, "Performative acts are forms of authoritative speech" and it is through discourse that power is re-established and re-stabilized continuously (225). Furthermore, power does not come from a "speaking subject," such as the priest, but instead, the "binding power" comes from citing previous conventions, such as the traditional marriage vows that exists before any of the people taking part in the ceremony. For Butler, the discourse comes before the speaking "I," which then enables the subject to speak out while at the same time being limited by the language system in what can be said. Therefore, when a person says "I," s/he is in fact referring to and citing the established speaking "I" of the language system in which a speaking subject cannot exist before or outside of.