Welcome!
In your notes, jot down some ideas about:
"Why do civilizations fall apart?"

Welcome! What caused the fall of Rome?

• Christianity's emphasis on a spiritual kingdom weakened Roman military values
• Traditional Roman values declined as non-Italians gained prominence in the empire
• Lead poisoning through lead pipes and cups caused a mental decline

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Constantine

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Diocletian

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Emperor Justinian (527-565 AD/CE)

Justinian

• Wanted to reestablish the Roman Empire
• Codified Roman Law (basis of Byzantine law until 1453)

Hagia Sophia

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Theodora: Wife of Justinian

Byzantine Problems

• Too much territory

"Byzantine": excessively complicated, typically involving a great deal of administrative detail.

Byzantine Problems

• Too much territory
• Empty treasury

Hippodrome

Riots of 532

Byzantine Problems

• Too much territory
• Empty treasury
• Plague

Byzantine Problems

• Too much territory
• Empty treasury
• Plague

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Byzantine Problems

• Too much territory
• Empty treasury
• Plague
• Threat to frontier

Battle of Yarmouk

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Byzantine Empire

Eastern Orthodox Church

Patriarch

Icons

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Iconoclasm

Icons later return.

Schism: "Separation"

Controversy

1054 AD

Emperor Leo III: Use of icons is IDOLATRY.

Idolatry: The worship of religious images (themselves)

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