The Byzantine Empire had a monarchical government with capitol being Constantinople, with the government running from 330 AD to 1453 AD
The most famous rulers are Justinian the first and Constantine the first
Justinian’s code meaning “the body of law” was a reference book with all the past and modern laws and was made of four parts, 1 Codex Contitutionum, 2 Digesta, 3 institutiones and, 4 Novellae Constitiones Post Codicem.
The throne was past down through heredity They then went to pick a fight with the Islams and went to war in the holy land after getting backup from the European states

There where three main groups in the Byzantine Empire the upper, middle, and lower classes. It was possible to move up within the classes by gaining money.
The Upper class was filled with High Ranking Military Officials, The Emperor and his family, and large land owning Aristocrats,
The middle class was filled with merchants, medium size land owners, and small business owners.
The Lower class was filled with the unskilled workers, and peasants.
the relation between men and women was unequal

Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Theodosius 1, during his reign in 379-395, designated Christianity as the state religion
Emperor designated the Patriarch of Constantinople-the head of the church
The pope from the west and the Patriarch of Constantinople from the east didn’t always agree. Lead to Conflict

The Byzantine Empire traded spices, incence, and silks to many other countries.
It had a vast empire and tried to expand and conquer.
It was surrounded by physical bariers- Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
They speak Latin, they are Christians, the Byzantine Empire was the one to start the Crusades, and eneded up falling to the Ottoman Empire.

The Byzantine Empire invented the "Greek fire", aqueducts, concrete, the calendar, hand grenade, and Diaskorides published a book of 500 illustrations of useful plants and their uses called the De Material Medica.

Agriculture was the backbone to the economy
Taxation to fund the army and frequent disruptive power struggles from warring neighbor states
Before the Muslim Conquests , the Byzantines had a flouroushing sea trade with the "Spice Lands of the Indies".
The main contributer to the longevity of the duration of the Byzantine empire was how effiecent its tax system and adminastration was considering it very modern for its age.
The Roman road system and other connectives like caravansaries( protected places for trading caravans to rest and refuel; this idea was taken from the persians) helped in trade and led to connections to the Silk Road to Central Asia, India and China and the "Amber Road" East and North and the "Gold and Salt Road" into Africa.
Trade was a important part of there economy as well, helping to build there wealth by travelling all through out the Medaterranian, Europe, and Asia.

The byzantine empire was the successor of the roman empire in the greek speaking easteren part of the medateranian.
Paganism was very prevalent and an important part of the early empire.
The culture of Byzantium was very modern in its economy and government , while it was rich and affluent, science and technology also flourished.
Displayed in the ceremonies of Byzantine monasteries or in the humblest church, the elegance of worship becomes dazzling brilliance, splendor and glory for the people of God who share in it. Russians or Melkites, Chinese or French and all who participate find in it enlightenment and delight

The Byzantine tradition of rhetoric and public debate. Philosophical and theological discources were important in public life, even emperors taking part in them.
The Byzantine emperor may have been the most powerful single monarch on earth, with a capital city whose rich buildngs and abundant popular entertainments awed visitors from western Europe and elsewhere, while giving Eastern rulers a growing confidence in the validity of their own institutions and values.

The simalarities beetween the Byzantine Empire and the Europian states are that they both where monotheistic and christian with with one ruler dirrectly connected to the church.
some differances between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad & Abbisid dynasties are tha the byzantines spoke latin while the Umayyad & Abbisid dynasties spoke Aribic and the Umayyad & Abbisid dynasties are islamic.
whe we compare the itteraction beetween the three we see that the Umayyad & Abbisid dynasties took some of the byzantine Empires land so the byzantine called on the European States to go to war in the holy lands.

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