1 of 29

Slide Notes

DownloadGo Live

CaseStudy Mitch

Published on Nov 20, 2015

No Description

View Outline

MORE DECKS TO EXPLORE

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

Nyiragongo Volcano

M. Mitchell
Photo by gnuckx
2.

VOLCANO LOCATION

  • Western Rift Valley
  • Africa
3.

ERUPTION AFTERMATH

  • Nearly 150 killed
  • Destroyed large portion of the city
  • Hurt economy
4.

CONES

  • Stratovolcano (composite)
  • Center cone is 1.3km in diameter
  • Two smaller cones
  • Shaheru
  • Baruta
5.

SIMILAR TO HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES

  • Unique because they aren't the same type
  • High temperatures
  • Low viscosity
  • Basaltic material slows viscosity
Photo by R. J. Malfalfa
6.

CASE STUDY PURPOSE

  • Determine if predictions were made properly
  • Decide how to improve predictions
Photo by Mylla
7.

PROCESS:6 CHARACTERSTICS

  • Seismic activity
  • Geodesic
  • Geochemical
  • Temperature
  • Direct observation
8.

CONES

  • Stratovolcano (composite)
  • Two smaller cones
  • Shaheru
  • Baruta
  • Center cone is 1.3 km in diameter
9.

SIMILAR TO HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES

  • Not same type
  • Very hot temperatures
  • Highly basaltic material
  • Low viscosity
10.

CASE STUDY PURPOSE

  • To determine whether or not prediction was successful
  • To better predict eruptions
11.

PROCEDURE

MONITORED 6 FACTORS
12.

6 FACTORS

  • Seismic activity
  • Geodesic
  • Geochemical
  • Temerature
  • Direct observations
13.

SEISMIC ACTIVITY

  • 4 types
  • A-type, B-type,
  • C-type, volcanic tremors
14.

A-TYPE

  • Fracture in rocks
  • High pressures from magma
15.

B-TYPE

  • Lava lakes
  • Lava outbursts
16.

C-TYPE

  • Magma moves through the reservoir
17.

VOLCANIC TREMORS

  • Always occur
  • Magma moves in vibration
18.

GEODESIC

  • Measures slope and curve
  • Linked to rock deformations
19.

GEOCHEMICAL

  • Measures gases
  • carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, fluoride, hydrogen sulphur,
  • carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and methane
  • Detectors
20.

TEMPERATURE

  • Temperature increase rapidly
  • Magma is rising quickly
Photo by diathesis
21.

DIRECT OBSERVATIONS

  • Plants
  • Grumbles
  • Shifts
  • Animals
22.

RESULTS

23.

SEISMIC ACTIVITY

  • Epicenters between Nyamulagira and Nyiragongo
  • Nyamulagira epicenters were shallow
  • Nyiragongo epicenters were deep
24.

GEODESIC FACTORS

  • Flanks expanded
  • Lava lake would rise
25.

GEOCHEMICAL

  • Increase in CO2 levels
  • More than doubled
26.

TEMPERATURE

  • No extreme change
  • Increase right before eruption
27.

DIRECT OBSERVATION

  • Lava lake rising
  • Connected valcanoes erupted
  • Tremors and earthquakes
  • Black smoke
  • Grumbling
28.

PREDICTION

  • Accurate
  • Failed because of bad communication
  • Not great technology
29.

CONCLUSION

  • Monitor factors
  • Be aware
  • Communicate well
  • Take the hint

Marizza Mitchell