PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a repeated pattern of growth and division that occurs in eukaryotic cells. It consists of three phases: Prophase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
Interphase
Cells are in this stage the longest. In this stage, cells grow and duplicate their DNA. The interphase is split into 3 parts: G1, S, and G2. First, in G1, the cell continues to develop and synthesize proteins. In S, the chromosomes replicate and divide, and proteins continue being synthesized. Finally, in G2, the cells finish producing proteins and they reach full maturity.
Mitosisis
Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where the cells actually split. Each cell has it's own cytoplasm and DNA, so the four chromosome strands have to break apart so that each new cell only has one double stranded chromosome.
Prophase
Prophase is where the chromosomes tighten, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and centrioles separate. The centrioles separate to the opposite poles of the cell. Also, spindle fibers radiate toward the center of the cell.
Metaphase
Metaphase is the shortest phase of mitosis, where chromosomes line up and cross to the middle of the cell. Meanwhile, spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell.
Anaphase
In this phase centromeres that joined the sister chromatids split. The sister chromatids become individual chromosomes.
The separated chromatids move to opposite poles.
Telophase
Telophase is when the chromosomes uncoil and a nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosome at each pole. The spindle fibers will dissolve during this phase, and cytokinesis will begin.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the final phase of the cell cycle. During cytokinesis, the cell will split into the two identical cells. For animal cells, a cleavage furrow will form, which pinches the cell into two along the middle. For plant cells, a cell plate will form in the middle of the cell and it will split between the plate.
