Main Function The cell wall is a tough, rigid layer the surrounds cells. It is made for its strength, structural stability, and protection against stress and infections
Other Functions It helps in osmotic-regulation, where a cell maintains fluid and balance their surroundings. It prevents the cell from rupturing due to pressure. It aids in diffusion of gases in and out of a cell. Provides protection from bacteria and diseases
History Robert Hooke in 1678 discovered cell wall by observing a thin section of a cork. Around the same time Marcello Malphigi claimed cell cavities are surrounded by a strong well, cell wall
Disease In general the cell wall isn't affected much because cell wall components ultimate role is to resist pest and diseases. Most B-Lactam antibiotics work against the cell wall to kill off virus and bacteria. They are less effective at disrupting the cell wall though.