CELLS

THE PARTS OF THE CELL

• Cell wall (only in plant cells), cell membrane, ribosomes
• Cytoplasm, flagella, cilia, nucleus, nuclear membrane,
• Nucleolus, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, lysosome,
• Mitochondrion, plastid, rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, vesicle

CELL WALL

• Only found in plant cells
• Surrounds the cell membrane
• Made out of specialized sugars called cellulose
• Protects the cell for it to survive

CELL MEMBRANE

• Found in all cells
• Separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
• Keeps everything for the cell to function inside and
• all of the bad things outside.

RIBOSOMES

• Protein builders or SYNTHESIZERS
• Cells use the protein as support
• for other functions
• Found either floating around or attached
• to the endoplasmic reticulum

CYTOPLASM

• Fluid that fills the inside of the cell
• It suspends organelles and uses enzymes
• to break down larger molecules. The products
• the enzymes make can be used by the organelles.
• Also breaks down glucose, which is then sent to the mitochondria.

FLAGELLA

• Long, threadlike appendages on the surface of a cell.
• Found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
• Rotate fast like a motor.
• Important for movement, as well as checking the
• chemical balances and temperatures outside of the cell.

CILIA

• Short, hair like appendages extending from the surface of a cell.
• Wave-like, slow movement.
• Only found in eukaryotic cells.
• Their job is to keep our airways clear of mucus and dirt, allowing
• us to breathe easily. They also help propel sperm.

NUCLEUS

• A big dark spot located somewhere in the middle of the cytoplasm.
• Only found in eukaryotic cells.
• Helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.
• It acts as the brain of the cell.

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

• A double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus.
• Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
• Regulates the exchange of materials between the nucleus
• and the cytoplasm.

NUCLEOLUS

• Round granular structure within the nucleus.
• Composed of protein and RNA.
• Involved with ribosomal RNA synthesis and
• formation of ribosomes in eukaryotes.

CHLOROPLAST

• Chlorophyll-containing plastid within plant cells.
• Functions as the site of photosynthesis.

GOLGI APPARATUS

• Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
• Transports lipids around the cell, packages molecules
• into vesicles for secretion.
• Involved in glycosylation.

LYSOSOME

• Organelles used for digestion
• and removal of excess or worn-out organelles,
• food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

MITOCHONDRION

• Spherical or rod shaped organelle
• found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
• Acts as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
• Generates most of the cell's supply of ATP
• through the process of cellular respiration.

PLASTID

• Double membrane bound organelle.
• Involved in the storage and synthesis of food.
• Commonly found in plant cells.

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• An endoplasmic reticulum and a eukaryotic organelle.
• Made up of a system of tubes and sacs, studded with ribosomes.
• The ribosomes bind to the ER when it starts to synthesize
• membrane-bound proteins, destined for sorting.

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• A part of an endoplasmic reticulum.
• Lacks ribosomes.
• Its functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism,
• calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of
• receptors on cell membrane proteins.

VACUOLE

• Membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm.
• Functions include intracellular secretion, excretion, storage,
• and digestion.

VESICLE

• A bubble-like structure that stores and transports
• cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes
• within the cell.