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Cells

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

CELLS

ITS PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

THE PARTS OF THE CELL

  • Cell wall (only in plant cells), cell membrane, ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm, flagella, cilia, nucleus, nuclear membrane,
  • Nucleolus, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, lysosome,
  • Mitochondrion, plastid, rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, vesicle

CELL WALL

  • Only found in plant cells
  • Surrounds the cell membrane
  • Made out of specialized sugars called cellulose
  • Protects the cell for it to survive

CELL MEMBRANE

  • Found in all cells
  • Separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
  • Keeps everything for the cell to function inside and
  • all of the bad things outside.

RIBOSOMES

  • Protein builders or SYNTHESIZERS
  • Cells use the protein as support
  • for other functions
  • Found either floating around or attached
  • to the endoplasmic reticulum

CYTOPLASM

  • Fluid that fills the inside of the cell
  • It suspends organelles and uses enzymes
  • to break down larger molecules. The products
  • the enzymes make can be used by the organelles.
  • Also breaks down glucose, which is then sent to the mitochondria.

FLAGELLA

  • Long, threadlike appendages on the surface of a cell.
  • Found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
  • Rotate fast like a motor.
  • Important for movement, as well as checking the
  • chemical balances and temperatures outside of the cell.

CILIA

  • Short, hair like appendages extending from the surface of a cell.
  • Wave-like, slow movement.
  • Only found in eukaryotic cells.
  • Their job is to keep our airways clear of mucus and dirt, allowing
  • us to breathe easily. They also help propel sperm.

NUCLEUS

  • A big dark spot located somewhere in the middle of the cytoplasm.
  • Only found in eukaryotic cells.
  • Helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.
  • It acts as the brain of the cell.

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

  • A double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus.
  • Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
  • Regulates the exchange of materials between the nucleus
  • and the cytoplasm.

NUCLEOLUS

  • Round granular structure within the nucleus.
  • Composed of protein and RNA.
  • Involved with ribosomal RNA synthesis and
  • formation of ribosomes in eukaryotes.

CHLOROPLAST

  • Chlorophyll-containing plastid within plant cells.
  • Functions as the site of photosynthesis.

GOLGI APPARATUS

  • Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
  • Transports lipids around the cell, packages molecules
  • into vesicles for secretion.
  • Involved in glycosylation.

LYSOSOME

  • Organelles used for digestion
  • and removal of excess or worn-out organelles,
  • food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

MITOCHONDRION

  • Spherical or rod shaped organelle
  • found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
  • Acts as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
  • Generates most of the cell's supply of ATP
  • through the process of cellular respiration.

PLASTID

  • Double membrane bound organelle.
  • Involved in the storage and synthesis of food.
  • Commonly found in plant cells.

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • An endoplasmic reticulum and a eukaryotic organelle.
  • Made up of a system of tubes and sacs, studded with ribosomes.
  • The ribosomes bind to the ER when it starts to synthesize
  • membrane-bound proteins, destined for sorting.

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • A part of an endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Lacks ribosomes.
  • Its functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism,
  • calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of
  • receptors on cell membrane proteins.

VACUOLE

  • Membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm.
  • Functions include intracellular secretion, excretion, storage,
  • and digestion.

VESICLE

  • A bubble-like structure that stores and transports
  • cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes
  • within the cell.