CHAPTER 17

SECTION 1

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

• The Scientific Revolution changed the way people saw the world.
• What if we could apply science to human behavior?
• People and government can solve very problem.
• Basically make it heaven on Earth!

WHO AM I?

• I believe people can learn from behavior and govern themselves.
• NATURAL RIGHTS: life, liberty and property.
• Tommy Jeff's borrowed my ideas for his Declaration.
• Government's purpose is to protect our rights.
• My ideas have led to a lot of revolutions!

JOHN LOCKE

WHO AM I?

• I said, "Power should be a check to power."
• I wrote "On the Spirit of the Laws".
• I SEPARATION OF POWERS: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of govt.
• The US uses most of my ideas.
• If you say my name with a fake French accent, it's hilarious!

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

WHO AM I?

• I went to prison twice!
• I believe in freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
• I used to hang out with Frederick the Great.
• He was cool, until he threw me in jail.
• The US adopted a lot of my ideas in their Bill of Rights.

VOLTAIRE

WHO AM I?

• "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."
• People's natural goodness is corrupted by society.
• I have another version of the SOCIAL CONTRACT.
• I believe in direct democracy.
• I gave all my kids to an orphanage!

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

WHO AM I?

• I wrote "Leviathan"
• Life is "solitary, nasty, brutish, and short."
• SOCIAL CONTRACT:
• The agreement by which people define and limit their rights.
• I heart absolute monarchies!

THOMAS HOBBES

WHO AM I?

• I wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Women".
• I believe in gender equality.
• I don't believe in marriage.
• Rousseau and I don't agree about a lot.
• The US finally listened to my ideas in 1920!

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

WHO AM I?

• I'm more of a physiocrat than a philosopher
• LAISSEZ-FAIRE:
• Businesses operate without government interference.
• I'm the father of capitalism.
• Rich people love, love, LOVE me!

ADAM SMITH

ONE MORE TIME

• I wrote the Encyclopedia
• Philosophers wrote articles
• The articles criticized society and monarchies
• I put it all together...it took me 25 years!

DENIS DIDEROT

SECTION 2

Untitled Slide

• New ideas can cause friction.
• There were many forms of CENSORSHIP
• Restricting ideas or information
• People (especially women) held SALONS
• Informal social gatherings where people could exchange ideas.

ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS

FREDERICK THE GREAT

• We learned about him in the last chapter.
• Was boys with Voltaire
• Gave poor people food and tools.
• Allowed religious toleration.
• Pretty much expanded his own power.

CATHERINE THE GREAT

• We saw her last chapter, too!
• Wrote fan letters to philosophers.
• Sort of gave people rights....
• But not really.

JOSEPH II

• Traveled in disguise to learn new things.
• Called the "peasant emperor"
• Allowed religious tolerance
• Ended censorship and serfdom.
• But after he died, people changed it back.

NEW KINDS OF ART

• Baroque and Rococo
• Peasant Portraits
• Operas
• Symphonies
• The novel

NONE OF THIS REALLY EFFECTED THE MIDDLE CLASS

SECTION 3

RISE TO GLOBAL POWER

• Geography
• Success at war
• Favorable business climate
• Union with Scotland
• The whole Ireland thing...not so good

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT

Untitled Slide

• Political parties-Tories and Whigs
• CABINET: group of advisors
• PRIME MINISTER: leader of majority party
• GB is really an OLIGARCHY-rule by a few

CRAZY KING GEORGE

• King George III tries to get back power.
• Put his pals in Parliament.
• After the 7 Years War, he decided to tax the colonists.
• They loved that!

SECTION 4

13 COLONIES

• Super wealthy, successful and diverse.
• GB needed some cash, so it started paying attention.
• Navigation Acts: attempt to control trade
• Usually the colonies were left alone.

MAKING BANK

• GB needed to pay for wars and protection.
• In all honesty, it was pretty reasonable.
• The colonists were irritated...
• "No taxation without representation!"

NO FIGHTING, NO BITING

• Boston "Massacre"
• Boston Tea Party
• Constitutional convention...

MY BIRTHDAY GIFT TO YOU

• The Declaration of Independence
• 7/4/1776
• Reflects ideas of John Locke
• Unalienable rights=natural rights
• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: power comes from the people.

NOT TO RUIN IT FOR NEXT YEAR

• So....we won!
• Despite the fact that we probably shouldn't have
• The French helped us out
• Treaty of Paris: set up our freedom and boundaries!

THE CONSTITUTION

• The Articles of Confederation don't work
• Influenced by Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau
• We're a FEDERAL REPUBLIC:
• Powers are divided between national, state, and local.
• Bill of Rights are hugely influenced by the Enlightenment.

ANY QUESTIONS?

DIDN'T THINK SO

GOOD LUCK TOMORROW!