Chapter 2 Project

Amino Acid

• Simple organic compound 
• Contains a carboxyl 
• Contains an amino group

Carbohydrates

• contains sugars, starches and cellulose
• broken down to release energy
• contains hydrogen and oxygen

A Chemical Reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular/ ionic structure of a substance.

DNA

• long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes
• materal that transfers genetic characteristics in all life form
• conducted of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other

lipid

• lipids are fatty acids or their derivatives
• they are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic compounds
• they include natural oils,waxes,and steroids

matter

• physical substance in general
• occupies space and possesses rest mass

monosaccharide

• any of the class of sugars
• cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar

nucleic acid

• a complex substance present in living cells
• found especially in DNA or RNA
• molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

nucleotide

• a compound linked to a phosphate group
• nucleotides form the basic structure for things like DNA

a Protein is any class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of living organisms

A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Saturated fatty acid is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. They have no double bonds.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid, and RNA is a nucleic acid that is present in all living things

Acids are chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red.

Base is any of a class of compounds that form hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

pH is a measure of the acidtiy or basicity of an aqueous solution

Polarity is when electrons are not shared equally in a covalent bond

A Hydrogen bond is a weak bond between 2 molecules

Solution is a mixture in which particles of one or more substances are distributed throughout another substance

Activation energy is the minimum quantity of energy that the reactiong

Anabolic reaction

Biochemical reaction

Catabolic reaction

Endothermic reaction

Enzymes are a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Exothermic reaction

Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Product is produced by a human or mechanical effort or by a natural process.

Reactant a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

properties of water

• surface tension
• cohesion
• adhesion
• temperature control

cohesion helps living organisms by making water molecules stick together; without this, there would be no standing water on earth

adhesion helps living organisms by adhering to surfaces or objects, which helps it go up a straw

surface tension is important is the attraction of particles in the surface layer. this tends to minimize surface area, creating more space for living organisms on earth

temperature control helps because water takes longer to heat up of slow down which helps organisms have the right water temperature creating more desire to hydrate

How is carbon uniquely suited for biological life

• Carbon can bond with 3 other main elements
• carbon can build long chains