Chapter 21

ORAL CAVITY

• Tongue: manipulates material inside mouth
• Salivary glands: secrete saliva into oral cavity
• Hard palate: formed by palatine processes of maxillary bones and horizontal plates of palatine bones
• Soft palate: lies posterior to the hard palate

TEETH

• Crown: projects into the oral cavity from the surface of the gums
• Neck: marks boundary between the crown and root
• Wisdom teeth: third molars (17-21 years)
• Occlusal surface: portion of crown that is used for crushing, slicing, or chewing

PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS

• Pharynx: anatomical space, passageway for solid food, liquids, and air
• Esophagus: hollow muscular tube, convey solid food and liquids to stomach
• You swallow about 2400 times a day

STOMACH

• Fundus: portion of stomach superior to junction between stomach and esophagus
• Cardia: area of stomach surrounding its connecting its connection with esophagus
• Pylorus: forms sharp curve of J, changes shape during digestion
• Rugae: temporary mucosal folds that allow gastric lumen to expand

STOMACH

• Gastric glands: secrete acids and enzymes involved in digestion
• Parietal cells: cells of gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid
• Chief cells: work with parietal cells to secret gastric juices
• These cells secret about 1500 mL of gastric juices each day

INTESTINAL TRACT

• Intestinal villi: finger like projections covered by epithelial cells
• To increase area for absorption

SMALL INTESTINE