CHAPTER 27

CAUSES OF WWI

• MILITARISM
• ALLIANCE SYSTEM
• IMPERIALISM
• NATIONALISM
• significant individuals

MAINS iS THE ESSAY QUESTION!

SECTION 1

PURSUIT OF PEACE

• Modern Olympics
• Nobel Peace Prize
• First Universal Peace Conference
• PACIFISM: OPPOSITION TO ALL WAR

AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM

• France lost Franco-Prussian War
• France wants revenge!
• PAN-SLAVISM: all Slavic people share a nationality
• Uprisings against Empires (A-H and Ottoman)
• Balkans: "powder keg of Europe"

COUNTRY-STYLE COMPETITION

• Fighting over colonies
• Expanding armies and navies
• Wanted to strut their stuff!
• Tangled up in alliances (TA & TE)
• Remember the string activity!

SECTION 2

POWDER KEG

• Serbians resist Austria-Hungary
• Black Hand: Serbian group
• Gavrilo Princip: 19 year old assassin
• Shoots Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie
• ULTIMATUM: SET OF DEMANDS

AUSTRIA DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA

THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

• Germany's plan for Britain and France
• Avoid a two-front war...
• France first, then Russia
• Invades Belgium
• Great Britain enters war

SECTION 3

THE WESTERN FRONT

STALEMATE

• Schlieffen Plan fails
• Lose Battle of the Marne
• STALEMATE: NEITHER SIDE WINNING OR LOSING
• Lines stagnated for 4 years!

TRENCHIN'

• Remember our letters and worksheets...
• Rats, lice, sickness, grossness
• "NO MAN'S LAND": in between the trenches
• "Over the top"
• Offensives like Verdun (CP) and Somme (A)

MODERN WEAPONRY

• Machine guns
• Poison gas
• Armored tank
• Zeppelins and airplanes
• Submarines...USW

Untitled Slide

• Eastern Europe: Tannenberg
• Russia is a mess!
• Italy fights and loses at Caporetto
• Outside Europe: Asia, Middle East
• Colonists also served...expected independence

SECTION 4

TOTAL WAR

ECONOMICS

• Conscription: "the draft"
• Civilian labor
• Taxes, loans, rationing
• Spent $$$$$ on propaganda
• Women took up working on the home front

LOW MORALE

• People were starting to desert
• Russia revolted!
• Communists overthrew czar
• TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK:
• ENDS RUSSIA'S TIME IN WWI

GERMANY NOW CAN FOCUS ON THE WESTERN FRONT...

US ENTRY INTO WWI

• Unrestricted submarine warfare
• The Lusitania is sunk
• Cultural/Economic ties to Britain
• Zimmerman Note
• Just the boost the Allies needed

ENDING THE WAR

• Huge German offensive falls apart
• German citizens begin revolting
• A-H and O-E are falling apart
• ARMISTICE: agreement to end fighting
• 11/11/1918

NOW WHAT?

SECTION 5

COSTS OF WAR

• 8.5+ million people died
• Not too mention the killer flu
• Land is destroyed
• Everyone was angry (scapegoats)
• Governments fell apart

PARIS PEACE TALKS

• BIG THREE: Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau
• Wilson's 14 points are largely ignored
• Self-determination is crazy!
• He gets a League of Nations...
• But the U.S. can't/won't even join!!

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Based on revenge against Germany
• War Guilt Clause
• REPARATIONS: paying for the war
• Limited military, took away land
• Pretty much led to WWII

WIDESPREAD GROUCHINESS

• New countries popped up
• Overseas colonies were MANDATED
• Italy, Japan and Russia were angry
• Only bright spot: League of Nations

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON YOUR TEST!