CHAPTER 3: INDIA & CHINA

3-1: EARLY CIVILIZATION IN INDIA

• Core regions of India are the Mt. ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau, and fertile coastal plains.
• The highest mountains in the world are the Himalayas
• The Aryans are Indo-European-speaking nomadic people who came from the steppes of central Asia.
• The iron plow made it possible for farmers to clear the dense jungle.
• The caste system: Every indian was believed to be born into a caste (Social group based on occup. and family).

3-2: EMPIRES IN INDIA

• Aśoka converted to Buddhism and used Buddish ideals to guide his rule.
• Luxury goods were carried on the Silk Road because of expenses.
• The god Krishna said, "In taking action one must not worry about success or failure".
• 3 main types of structures all serving religious purpose: the billar, the stupa, and the rock chamber.
• Chandragupta Maurya founded the first highly centralized Indian Empire.

3-3: EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS

• Aristocracy: wealth that is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another.
• To communicate with gods, rulers made use of oracle bones.
• Remains of human sacrifices are evidence of the Chinese people's effort to win over the gods.
• The Zhou dynasty is fhe longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history.
• 3 schools about the nature of human beingd and the universe emerged: Confucianism, Daoism, snd Lagalism

3-4: RISE AND FALL OF CHINESE EMPIRES

• The central bureaucracy had 3 parts: the military division, the civil division and the censorate.
• The Han dynasty was one of the greatest dynasties in Chinese history.
• New technologies added to the economic prosperity og the Han Era.
• Rubber and fore-and-aft ridging were invented to beable to sail into the wind.
• QIn and Han dynasties were known for their art and cultural success.