Chapter 4

Why It Matters

• Early Americans = Strong Spirit of Independence
• I.S. contributed to the birth of a new nation
• N.Nation had distinct government and culture

The Impact Today

• Americans continue to value independence
• Ex. Right to practice one's religion freely is safeguarded
• Ex. Freedom of expression, media, right to make own laws, etc.

Slave Resistance

• Slaves found ways to express anger at their condition
• Active resistance - killing overseer, poison master, run away
• Passive resistance - faking illness
• Revolts - quite common (ex. Stono Rebellion of 1739, SC)
• Maroon (plural - maroons) - term for runaway slave (cattle)

Stono Rebellion of 1739

• Where: South Carolina
• What: Largest slave uprising in colonies: 48 whites and 44 slaves killed
• Who: Jemmy (Cato), a literate slave from Angola
• Led 80 other slaves to Spanish Florida (Spanish promised freedom and land)
• Colonists rallied and put down the rebellion

"Negro Act of 1740"

• Illegal for slaves to...
• Assemble in groups, raise food, earn money, learn to write English
• Slave owners - allowed to kill disobedient slaves if necessary
• Only effective in South Carolina
• Remained in full effect until 1865

Section 2

Primary/Secondary Sources

• Will be using more PRIMARY sources
• What are primary sources?
• Why are primary sources important?
• FACT SHEET handout
• Tomorrow - Examine sources and read more about Stono Rebellion

Introducing: George Washington

• Born: February 22, 1732
• Westmoreland County, Virginia
• Middle-class planter family
• First military experience = French and Indian War

Closure/Exit Ticket

• Define "primary source"

Fun Fact:
Washington lost most of his teeth over the years by cracking Brazil nuts between his jaws. His first set of dentures were made from cow's teeth; his second from hippopotamus tusk. The dentures were held in place by being attached to Washington's one remaining natural tooth.

Untitled Slide

Washington's role in the war

• 1753: Sent to expel French from Ohio R. Valley
• Spring 1754: Returns and builds Fort Necessity to defend British claims
• Fort lasted about two weeks: French attacked/force Washington to surrender
• This marked the beginning of the French and Indian War
• This war set the stage for the American Revoluation

Untitled Slide

Today: Articles of Capitulation

• Primary Document: England's Surrender
• Read in class
• Answer study questions during/after reading

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Yesterday

• Articles of Capitulation

Today

• Washington's description of the battle
• Also begin reading Section 4
• Finish Chapter 4 tomorrow
• Test next Tuesday

Section 3

Section 4

British/French Rivalry

• Began expanding into each other's colonial territories
• Where? = Ohio River Valley
• 1740s/1750s - back-and-forth attacks on forts/settlements
• Native Americans tended to side with the French

I) The British Take Action

• Early in the war, the French appeared to be winning
• 1754 - British send in Gen. Braddock - failed miserably
• Defeat led to a declaration of war - 7 Years War begins
• William Pitt became PM of Britain, and soon, things improved for B.
• Pitt did four things....

II) The Fall of New France

• Britain won several key victories that led to France's defeat
• Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the war
• Treaty brought 3 major changes to N.America...
• N.America was divided btw Spain and Britain
• Mississippi River was boundary

All this shtuff leads up to...

• WAR!

III) Trouble on the Frontier

• Natives had lost their ally; English took advantage of them
• Higher prices, did not pay for land, began settling further west
• Pontiac's Rebellion of 1763
• Proclamation of 1763: Britain's plan to prevent more fighting
• West of Appalachian Mountains was Native land

Political/Geographical Changes

• Before and After Maps

Section 1

New England Colonies

• Factors of growth
• Economy
• Triangular Trade Route/Middle Passage

Middle Colonies

• Culturally diverse
• Economically diverse

Southern Colonies

• Economy = dependent on tobacco and rice
• Industries = slow to develop
• Main reason for economic success = slavery

Today: Consequences of F & I War

• Political/Geographical
• Native/Colonist relationships
• Colonist/British relationships

Natives and the French

• French treated Natives with respect
• Trade partners (FAIR)
• Respected Native Culture
• Married Native women

Natives and the British

• British felt Natives were "savages" and "uncivilized"
• UNFAIR trade partners
• British claimed Native land without payment
• Refused to present tribal chiefs with annual gifts
• Natives became more and more insulted/angry

Pontiac's War of 1763

• Pontiac = Ottawa Chief
• 1763 - the Ecorse River Council
• Gathering of many Ohio R. Valley Tribes
• Goal = attack British and remove them from their land
• May - October of 1763 = 9 of 12 British forts were captured

Siege of Fort Detroit

• Brought an end to Pontiac's rebellion
• No Euro. allies, hunting season was approaching, French were done
• Pontiac fled North, his alliance with other tribes ended

Result = Proclamation Act of 1763

• Issued by King George
• Purpose = keep colonists EAST of App. Mountains
• Didn't work
• Colonists generally disagreed
• Relationship btw colonies/British cont. to get worse

Untitled Slide

Pontiac's War Q's

• What was the outcome of Pontiac's War?

Pontiac's War Q's

• Pontiac's rebellion was put down, but did it fail?
• Goal - remove British from Ohio River Valley
• Outcome/result - Proclamation Act of 1763
• Problem - wasn't really enforced

Pontiac's War Q's

• Cost in lives/money of Pontiac's War to the British?

Pontiac's War Q's

• Lives - loss of life to civilians, traders, soldiers
• Money - supplies and weapons bought, salaries for soldiers

Pontiac's War Q's

• Why would money pose a problem?

Pontiac's War Q's

• Britain was already in debt after the F & I War
• Problem for colonists - Britain raised taxes

Study Options - Today

• Study Guide Questions
• Study Guide Worksheets
• Review Primary Documents
• Creat Study Flashcards