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Chapter 7

Published on Nov 19, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

BUREAUCRACY & FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS

Chapter Seven
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THE RATIONALIZATION OF SOCIETY:

  • RATIONALITY
  • TRADITIONAL ORIENTATION
THE RATIONALIZATION OF SOCIETY: A widespread acceptance of rationality and social organizations that are built largely around this idea.

RATIONALITY: Using rules, efficiency, and practical results to determine human affairs

TRADITIONAL ORIENTATION: The idea that the past is the best guide for the present, characteristics for tribal, peasant, and feudal societies.

Table 7.1 on Page 177

CAPITALISM: An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition. (a trademark of a Rational Society).
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THE MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY

The process by which ordinary aspects of life become rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation.
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FORMAL ORGANIZATION &
BUREACRACY

FORMAL ORGANIZATION: A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives

BUREACRACY: A formal organization with a hierarchy of auuuthority, a clear division of labor; emphasis on written rules, communications, and records; and impersonality of positions.

DYSFUNCTION OF BUREAUCRACIES

ALIENATION: Marx's term for workers' lack of connection with the product of their labor; caused by their being assigned repetitive tasks on small part of a product: this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; also used in the general sense of not feeling a part of something

PETER PRINCIPLE: A tongue-in-cheek "law" according to which members of an organization are promoted for good work until they reach their level of incompetence, the level at which they can no longer do good work
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GOAL DISPLACEMENT

The adoption of new goals by an organization; also known as goal replacement

VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION

A group made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary membership
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IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY

Robert Michels' term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite

COPORATE CULUTRE

The orientations that characterize corporate work settings
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HUMANIZING A WORK SETTING

Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops rather impedes human potential