CHAPTERS 12 & 28

CHAPTER 12 - BYZANTINE

• Constantino was the first Christian emperor
• Justinian rebuilt Constantinople
• Justinian codified roman laws, influencing most laws in Western Europe
• Capitol city was Constantinople
• Theme system-generals recruit peasants to fight in return for land

BYZANTINE CONTINUED

• Addition of silk to Byzantium strengthened the economy
• Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantium
• Schism split the church into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
• Christianity spread after prince Vladmir converted

CHAPTER 28 - RUSSIA

• Peter I westernized Russia - built St. Petersberg
• Peter I reforms military, bureaucracy, and social structure
• Ivan IV, Ivan The Terrible - created oprichniki, ruled very harshly
• The third Rome-Ivan III rules as head of state AND church
• Cossacks-freed peasants who conquered land for Russia.

RUSSIA CONTINUED

• Catherine II - joins Peter's westernization movement (at first)
• Pugachev Rebellion - makes Catherine ditch westernization movement
• Russian imperialism - capture of lands around Russia. Russia becomes massive.
• Russia absorbs Ukraine, Poland, Siberia.