CHEMICAL REACTIONS

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• A chemical reactin is a process that changes...
• ....One set of chemical into another set of chemicals

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• Chemical reactions always involve the breaking...
• ...of bonds in reactants and the formation...
• ...of new bonds in products.
• NOTHING IS CREATED OR DESTROYED
• Atoms are only rearranged

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• Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously
• Energy is released in three forms: Heat, Light, and Sound.

ENZYMES

• Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow...
• ...or require TOO MUCH energy to make them practical to living tissue.

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• In cells, these chemical reactions are sped up...
• ...by a process that would make any chemist...
• ...proud-through proteins called ENZYMES!

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• A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
• Enzymes are catalysts!

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• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
• Cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions that takes places in cells.

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• Enzymes are very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction
• For this reason, part of an enzyme's name is usually derived from...
• ...the reaction it catalyzes

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• Enzymes provide a site where the reactants,
• Or substrates, can be brought together to react.
• They remain bound together until the reaction is done.
• Each protein, or enzyme, has a specific, conplex shape.
• The substrates bind to a site on the enzyme called the active site.

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• The active site and the substrates have complementary shape.
• The fit is so precise that the active site and substrates sre often compared to a lock and key.
• Once the reaction is over, the products of the reaction are released and the enzymes is free to start the process again.

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• Not surprisingly, enzymes produced by human cells
• Work best at temperature close to 37 degrees celsius,
• The human body's core temperature.