CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES

BUDDHISM

ORIGINS

• Began in India
• Incorporated much of Hinduism in it practice

Founder

• Siddhartha
• He was an Indian prince
• He lived in a lifestyle of luxury and comfort

PRINCIPLES

• Buddhism  does  teach  the  concept  of  reincarnation
• The  core  of  Buddhism  is  based  on  the  Four  Noble  Truths  &  Eightfold  Path
• Buddhism  does  not  hold  to  a  belief  in  a  deity
• it’s  not  a  religion

DIFFUSION

• Spread to Southeast Asia and to East Asia, especially during the Maurya Empire
• It  is  a  religion  that  actively seeks  to  convert  others.
• It was  never  widely  accepted  in  India  where  much  of  Buddhist  teaching was  incorporated  into  Islam

CONFUCIANISM

ORGINS

• China  during  the  Zhou  (Chou)  Dynasty.  
• After the end of the feudalism crime was rampant and Confucius spoke of the returning to the moral of the ancients

FOUNDER

• Kung Fu Tzu

PINCIPLES

• Elder  friend-younger  friend:  Humane  consideration  in  elders  and  deference  in juniors
• Parent-child:  Kindness  in  the  father  and obedient  devotion  in  the  son
• usband-wife:  Righteous  behavior  in  the  husband  and  obedience in  the  wife
• Elder  sibling-younger  sibling:  Gentility  in  the  eldest  brother  and  humility  and  respect in  the  younger
• Ruler-subject:  Benevolence  in  rulers  and  loyalty  of  ministers  and  subjects

DIFFUSION

• Spread  by  his  followers  after  the  death  of  Confucius  as  they  obtained  positions  in government
• These  ideals  eventually  formed  the  basis  for  the  civil  service  exam  in  China
• After the  principles  of  Confucius  became  the  foundation  of  Chinese  education
• These  teachings spread  to  Korea  and  Japan

TAOISM

TAOISM

ORIGINS

• Grew  from ancient Chinese philosophies that were merged into one basic teaching
• In some ways it grew from  a reaction to the spread of Confucianism and Buddhism

FOUNDER

• The founder was Lao-Tse

PRINCIPLES

• Tao means "The  Way"
• it’s  a  series  of philosophical teachings that  focuses  on  achieving  balance and  harmony
• A  key  concept  related  to  this  balance,  as  seen  in nature
• Taoism  also  emphasizes the  Three  Jewels,  compassion,  moderation,  and  humility.
• The  Tao  Te  Ching  is  the  most significant  text.

Diffusion

• Taoism  spread  primarily  to  the  areas  immediately  surrounding  China
• It has  been incorporated  into  the  teachings  and  beliefs  of  several  philosophies  and  religions.