CITIES AND MODELS

NORTH AMERICAN CITY MODELS

CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL

• Created by sociologist Ernest Burgess
• Based off study of Chicago and its landscape in 1920s
• Divides city into five concentric zones, defined by their function
• At the center is 1 Central Business District (CBD)
• CBD itself is divided into several subdistricts (e.g. Financial, retail, theater)

CHICAGO

SECTOR MODEL

• Published by Homer Hoyt in 1930s
• Was created partly as a response to the faults in concentric model
• Focused on residential patterns, explaining where the wealthy choose to live
• 1 CBD
• Hoyt claimed that city grows outward from the center

CALGARY

MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL

• Published by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in the 1940s
• Argued that neither concentric rings nor sector model adequately reflected city structure by mid 1900s
• Recognizes that CBD was losing its dominant position as single nucleus of urban area
• Several urban regions have their own nuclei

WASHINGTON, D.C.

LATIN AMERICAN CITIES

GRIFFIN-FORD MODEL

• Created by Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford in 1980
• Combines elements of S.A. culture with forces of globalization
• 1 thriving CBD
• Commercial spine emanates outward from urban core
• Outer layers include poor housing knwn as shantytowns

RIO DE JANEIRO

SOUTHEAST ASIAN CITIES

MCGEE MODEL

• Created by urban geographer T.G. McGee in 1967
• Studied medium-sized cities of S.E. Asia and found that they exhibit similar land-use patterns
• Focal point of city is colonial port zone w/ commercial district that surrounds it
• No CBD; elements of CBD are present as seperate clusters surrounding colonial port zone
• Clusters include: government zone, Western commercial zone, alien land-use zone, and mixed land use zone

KUALA LAMPUR

THE END