7 Tips for Improving Whole Class Discussions

1. Frame a Backdrop

2. Build a Stage of Content

3. Facilitate

4. Wait-Time

5. What NOT to say

6. What TO say

7. Reflect

References

• Flynn, N. K. (2009). Toward a democratic discourse: Scaffolding student-led discussions in the social studies. Teachers College Record, 111(8), 2021-2055.
• Hess, D. (2011). Discussions that drive democracy. Educational Leadership, 69(1), 69-73.

References Continued

• McCann, T. M., Johannessen, L. R., Kahn, E., Flanagan, J. M. (2006). Talking in class. Urbana, IL: NCTE.
• Pace, J. L. (2015). The charged classroom: Predicaments and possibilities for democratic teaching. New York, NY: Routledge.