Road to WWI

The MAIN Causes of War

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

Franco-Prussian War

Proclamation of the German Empire

Creation of Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary

• Rule by Habsburg Francis Joseph
• King of Hungary and Emperor of Austria
• Separate legislatures and official languages - German and Magyar
• Resentment of smaller ethnic populations - Slavs, Poles, Czechs

The Sick Man of Europe

Turkish Instability

• Sale of shares of Suez Canal to England
• Bankruptcy of Egypt
• Emergence of Pan-Slavism
• Young Turks - nationalist movement, reform and modernize
• Competing Russian and Austrian interests in the Balkans

Russo-Turkish War

Congress of Berlin

• Independence of Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro
• Bosnia-Herzegovina occupied by Austria
• Cyprus occupied by Great Britain

Dual Alliance

Bismarck - Avoid Encirclement

• Three Emperors League - GER/AUS/RUS, 1881
• Italy joins Dual Alliance, 1882
• France left with no allies
• England - splendid isolation
• Avoid aggressive colonial efforts

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Weltpolitik

• New course of world policy for Germany
• Aggressive foreign policy
• Acquisition of colonies
• Build up of Germany Navy - Anglo-German Arms Race
• Causes collapse of Bismarck's diplomacy

Triple Entente

• France and Russia - military agreement - 1892
• England upset by German naval buildup and Kruger Telegram
• England and France - Entente Cordiale - 1904

Moroccan Crisis

Bosnian Crisis

Two Balkan Wars - 1912, 1913

• Final defeat of Turkish Empire
• Balkan League - Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece
• Russia encouraged nationalist Slavic movements - Greater Serbia

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