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Copy of Ch. 8 Science Vocab

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Ch. 8 Science Vocab

by : Clay Brillhart

fold mountain

a mountain formed from rock layers being squeezed together

fault-block mountain

a mountain made by huge tilted blocks of rocks separated from other rocks by faults

weathering

the breaking down of other rocks into smaller pieces by natural process 

erosion

the picking up and removal of rock particles

soil

a mixture of weathered rock, decayed plant and animals, living things, air, and water

humus

material in soil formed by the breakdown of plant and animal matter

soil horizon

any of the layers of soil from the surface to the bedrock 

ground water

water that soaks into soil and rock by collecting in spaces between rock particles

mass wasting

the downhill movement of Earth material caused by gravity

deposition

the dropping of of sediment

glacier

a huge sheet of ice and snow that moves slowly over land

till

a jumble of many sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier

moraine

a deposit of many sizes of sediment in front of or along the sides of a glacier

mineral

a naturally occurring solid in Earth's crust with a definite structure

igneous rock

a rock that forms when when hot, liquid lava cools and hardens into a solid

sedimentary rock

a rock that forms from pieces of other rocks that are squeezed or cemented together

rock cycle

rocks continually changing from one kind into another in a never ending process

metamorphic rock

a rock that forms from another kind of rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or a chemical reaction

superposition

the thought that in a series of rock layers the rock on the bottom is the oldest and the rock on the top is the youngest

relative age

the age of a rock compared with another rock

geologic column

a listing of of Earth's rock layers in order from oldest to youngest

fossil

any trace, imprint, or remains of a living thing preserved in Earth's crust

index fossil

the remains of a living thing that lived for a short part of Earth's history

half-life

the time it takes for  the radioactive element in a rock to break apart into other elements

absolute age

the age of rock in years, determined by measuring the decay rate of it's radioactive elements

era

one of the four long stretches of time in Earth's history