Copy of Human rights in Canada
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Introduction
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- Individuals should be treated equally regardless of the group to which they belong.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
-Women fought for many years to achieve the right to vote, and the right to hold public office
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Discrimination - treating individuals unfairly
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Human rights - rights that protect a person from unfair treatment by others
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Human rights laws have been passed in Canada by the federal, provincial, and territorial governments. they make is illegal for people to treat others unfairly.
Photo by Arlo Bates
Discrimination is when individuals or groups are treated unfairly or differently because of their race, sex, religion, age or disability.
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Women's rights
Photo by Leo Reynolds
150 years ago, women had few rights. Toward the end of 19th century, attitudes toward women changed. Small groups of women in Canada, U.S.A., and Europe joined together to fight for the right to vote.
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Suffrage - the right to vote in political elections, franchise
Photo by Joaquin Villaverde Photography
Faminist - one who believes in the social, economic, and political equality of the sexes.
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Women and the right to vote
1.New Zealand - 1893
2.Australia - 1902
3.Canada - 1916
4.United Kingdom - 1918
5.USA - 1920
6.Japan - 1945
7.Kuwait - 2005
DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN'S RIGHTS
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World War I was a turning point for women's rights. While the men were fighting in Europe, thousands of Canadian women took up jobs on farms and in factories.
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In 1921, the federal government passed a regulation preventing married women from holding jobs in the government unless they had no support from their husband's income.
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Female civil servants had to quit their jobs when they married. The only exception to this rule occured if no man was avilable to fill the job.
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The same year Agnes Macphail became the first women to be elected to the House of Commons. She worked hard to improve the women's rights.
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The Persons Case - page 74
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During WW2 45000 Canadian women joined the military. However, when the war ended, they encountered the old attitudes.
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The Bill of Rights stated that it was illegal to discriminate against people because of their race, gendr, religion, or colour. It also helped to pave the way for the Candian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In 1982 women and man became equal, and had equal rights and freedoms.
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WOMEN'S ISSUES TODAY
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Pay equity - equal payment for work educated is equal in worth.
Sexual hasrassment - unwelcome actions or conduct of a sexual nature toward another person.
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PAY EQUITY
Traditional attitudes are one reason for inequalities. In 1983, a civil servants' union complained that women were not being paid the same as men. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ordered the federal government to pay billions of dollars in back wages. Still, pay equity cases often involve a long legal struggle. Equity is still not guaranteed.
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EMPLOYMEMT EQUITY
Employment equity - the equal treatment of all employees based on their abilities
Barrier to equality - anything that prevents someone from participating fully and equally in society.
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In 1995, the federal government passed the Employment Equity Act.
Employment equity law requires employees to identify barriers to equality in the workplace.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
Aboriginal Rights
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Collective rights - the rights of the group, rather then the individual.
First Nations - the first peoples of Canada
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Development of Aboriginal Rights
Europeans began arriving in North America in the 1600s, and formed military alliences and partnerships with First Nations
By confederation in 1871, European immigrants flooded the country. Between 1871 and 1921, the Canadian government concluded a series of land agreements with Aboriginal peoples.
Photo by Wiedmaier
In 1868 the federal government passed the Indian Act. It defined who was "Indian" and who was not. It banned some traditional cultural practices. It replaced traditional Aboriginal self-government with elected band councils, and rejected Aboriginal ways of justice.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
Development of Aboriginal Rights.
1600s - Europeans begin conquest of North America
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War
1763 - Royal Proclamation of 1763
1869 - Canadian Confederation
1868 - Indian Act
1871-1921 - Treaties between Canadian government and First Nations
1960 - Aboriginal peoples in Canada received the right to vote
Photo by Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
Aboriginal Leaders and Lobby Goups
Assimilation - the process of absorbing a minority into the prevailing culture
Land claim - assertion of the right to certain lands, as im claim to land long used by Aboriginal peoples
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Since the 1950s, Aboriginal peoples have fought to reverse the policy of assimilation and be recognized as distinct nations within Canada. In 1951 Aboriginal leaders formed the Mative Indian Brotherhood to lobby the federal government on Aboriginal rights and to press for the settlememt of land claims.
Photo by Eduardo Amorim
In 1982, Aboriginal leaders replaced the Native Indian Brotherhood with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN).
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The AFN is a national lobby organization and represents over 630 First Nations communities across Canada
Photo by Ian Muttoo
Aboriginal Rights and Canada's Constitution
Canada's constitution addresses Aboriginal rights in section 25 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
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Aboriginal Issues Today
Poverty is widespread and educational achievment is generally low. Aboriginals still face serious health and social problems.
Most Canadians do not deny the serious nature of the problems. Most Aboriginal peoples feel they will gain their rightfull place in society once their rights as distinct peoples are recognized. Most Canadians want to see these issues resolved, but disagree on how to do so.
Photo by Will Montague
Rights of Other Groups
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Rights of Immigrants
In 1971, Prime Minister Trudeau proclaimed "a policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework." This policy was supposed to help Canada's ethnic groups preserve their cultural legacy.
Photo by Edgar Barany
Selective Immigrants
In the early 1880s, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) started building Canada's first national railroad. By 1885, the railroad was complete. The Chinese workers were no longer welcome in Canada. That year, Parliament imposed a $50 head tax on every Chinese person entering Canada. In 1903 the tax was increased to $500. In 1923 , the Canadian government passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. Between 1931 and 1941, the Chinese population in Canada dropped by 10.000.
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Continued
In 1908, Wilfrid Laurier's government introduced a regulation requiring all immigrants to travel to Canada by "direct continuous passage" from their country of origin. In 1910, the federal government passed a new Immigration Act that gave it sweeping powers to reject "immigrants belonging to any race deemed unsuitable to the requirements of Canada."
Photo by LBY｜IMAGE
Continued
In 1917, the newly created Department for Immigration and Colonization created a list of "preferred" and "non-preferred" countries. Legal discrimination continued against Asian immigrants
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Wartime Discrimination
During WW1, Ukrainian Canadians were brended as "enemy aliens." Many of Unrainian Canadians were interned under the War Measures Act of 1914. About 5000 Ukrainians were imprisoned under the act.
Japanese Canadians were similarly targeted during WW2. After the war, many Japanese families has no homes or possessions. About 4300 individuals were deported to Japan.
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Continued
Canada also refused entry to thousands of Jewish refugees escaping persecution in Nazi Germany on the eve of WW2.
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Immigration Following World War II
In 1947, Prime Minister Mackenzie King Announced a new immigration policy. It was designed to attract new immigrants. King's new policy brought about a wave of immigrants from Europe. Starting in the 1960s Canada's immigration policy underwent a major change.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
The Immigration Act
In 1976, a new Immigration Act introduced a points system (a method of evaluating applicants for indipendent immigration, using categories and points)
Photo by Leo Reynolds
The Immigration Act also sets out who may not enter Canada:
1. Immigrant applicants who are suffering from illnesses that pose a public danger or may place an undue financial burden on health services
2. Persons who lack the funds to support themselves
3. Convicted criminals or those who pose a risk of commiting serious crimes
4. potential or known terrorists
5. persons who have been convinced of war crime
Photo by kevin dooley
Rights of Gay Men and Lesbians
In the past homosexuality was a crime, and people who were homosexual would get punished. In 1861 the law changed. Today some nations still have harsh punishments. Until 1967, homosexuality was a crime in Canada and was dealt with in the Criminal Code.
Photo by zachlipton
Changing Attitudes and Legal Rights
Pierre Trudeau became the justice minister in 1967. He liberalized laws. He rewrote abortion and prostitution laws. He decriminalized homosexuality.
In 1996, the federal government added "sexual oriantation" to the Canadian Human Rights Act . In 1997 the federal government offered same-sex benefits to its gay and lesbian employees.
Photo by -Marlith-
Continued
The Supreme Court concluded that Ontario's Family Law Act was unconstitutional. The Ontario government changed dozens of laws, giving same-sex couples equal standing with heterosexual couples. The Civil Marriage Act legalized same-sex marriage in Canada on July 20, 2005.
Photo by -Marlith-
Rights of People with Disabilities
Across Canada in the 1980s, there was a move to close institutions that housed people with disabilities and mental illnesses. The goal was to allow everyone in Canada to live with dignity in the community, with proper support.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
People with Disabilities Today
People with disabilities are guaranteed equal rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Photo by wwwuppertal
