Independence of one the jump offs on the Oregon Trail

GREAT AMERICAN DESERT

• Is equally celebrated with the Africa desert and it is uninhabitable

BLUE MOUND

• It nearly rises 1,000 from the prarie

ALCOVE SPRINGS

• Emigrants were rewarded by the beauty there was plenty of wood, water, and grass

WEATHER

• The weather for the pioneers was different it changed periodically

ACCIDENTS

• Traveling west many were ran over, firearms discharged, and ascending or descending on hills all of these were accidental deaths

THE DAILY ROUTINE

• Typical day started 4 a.m. Then ate packed up by middle day ate cold lunch then traveled till 6 p.m.

CIRCLING THE WAGONS

• Circling the wagons were fence for the livestock

FORY KEARNY

• Fort Kearny the first military post built, it was also a place where you could purchase things.

CALIFORNIA HILL

• To get to the South Platte River so they can follow the North Platte River a major obstacle was the California Hill they were forced to climb almost 250ft. The terrain was rough so they had to go single file

COURTHOUSE BLOCK

• Emigrants faced boredom the lack of scenery made it a dull experience Courthouse Block got its name from the courthouse in St. Louis

SCOTTS BLUFF

• Known as Gibraltar of the plain Scotts Bluff was avoided for the first few years 1850 a route through the bluffs became known as Mitchell Pass and became the favorite route

FORT LARAMIE

• In 1849 Fort Laramie was renamed by a French fur trader named Jacques LaRamee, Americans and Indians had a peace council in 1851 it was called Horse Creek Treaty, Fort Laramie was abandoned in 1890

INDEPENDENCE ROCK

• The rock was served as a landmark, lookout, campsite, trail register and bulletin board, pioneers hoped to reach Independence Rock on July 4th if they didn't arrive then they new they were behind schedule.

DEVILS GATE

• It was too narrow to get through Devils Gate so they had to go through the south gorge the in the 1850s a mail station was maintained at Devils Gate

SOUTH PASS

• There were other known passages through the Rocky Mountains South Pass also meant that they were half way to Oregon and they were in the Oregon Country

BIG HILL

• It was a treacherous uphill and downhill was the steepest, after Big Hill they were overjoyed and rewarded so they spent sometime at Clover Creek Encampment

SODA SPRINGS

• It was a site to see from the terrain marked by cones and craters it was also different to smell the rotten odor of the sulfur

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

• There were a lot of routes to get to California, many just wanted the gold and go back home others wanted to get gold and stay in California

SHOSHONE FALLS

• The waterfalls were impressive with water falling 210 feet and 950 feet across many emigrants heard the falls for a couple of miles

KEENEY PASS

• Most pioneers that took this path was fairly easy than other obstacles they encountered but there was no water and it was very dusty

GRANDE RONDE VALLEY

• The local Indian tribes named it Cop Copi because of the cottonwood trees some of the emigrants wrote that it was " am enchanted valley"

THE DALLES

• The Columbia River was dangerous so most people hired American Indians to help them most people lost possession, drowning or both

LAUREL HILL

• Most diaries said the Laurel hill was the worst stretch on the trail the road dropped 300 feet at a 60% grade

OREGON CITY

• People moved in slowly to the city but when the big migration came it became a city it was also a destination for many emigrants

FORY VANCOUVER

• Fort Vancouver was owned by Houston Bay Company, McLoughlin helped many emigrants and planted more than 2,000 acres of food

LEGACY

• Oregon Trail has remained publicly for more than 140 years without Oregon, Washington and other states our country would look different than today