Copy of Pediatric Oncology
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
- EXAMINE PATIENTS, MAKE DIAGNOSIS, ORDER TEST, PRESCRIBE TREATMENTS, COUNCIL PATIENTS AND FAMILIESt
- Focus on children with cancer which means they usually treat leukemia, lymphoma, embryonic tumors and genetic blood disorders (sickle cell anemia, hemophilia)
1947
- Emerged in the US
- Sydney Farber and associates discovered the benefits of chemotheraphy for leukiemia
- less than 10 percent of kids with cancer survived
- Children with leukemia would usually die within weeks
- Beginning of many therapies and the ability to begin remission with thousands of patients
1955
- US National Career Institute began testing the safety and benefits of new cancer therapies
1958
- NCI Scientists form a multi drug chemotherapy that allows remission in children as well as adults with acute leukemia
- They maximized the modernization of chemotherapy by combining drugs and changing dose amounts allowing them to minimize side effect
1967
- Begin central nervous system radiation and intrathecal therapy along side standard therapy
- Find a long term remission plan for acute lymphocytic leukemia
1969
- New NCI-funded Cooperative Group strive to find a way for survival for children typical between the ages of 3-4 that have Wilms tumor (rare kidney cancer)
- Survival rate of Wilms patients jumps from 40% to 90% after 5 major clinical trials
1972
- Rhabdomyosarcoma study group formed to discover information about Rhabdomyosarcoma and other versions of sarcoma
1986
- Researches discover 2 new inherited gene mutations that cause an increased risk for cancer in childhood and adulthood
- Discoveries made allow for possible early detection in children with a family history of the diseases
1991
- Discovered a new response to treatment for neuroblastoma(cancer in the adrenaline gland or surrounding nervous system tissue) that allows them to distinguish between those who need more intensive therapy and those who don't saving many children from the side effects of treatment
1998
- Created ABVD, a chemotherapy combination regimen, that replaces the old therapy treatment allowing for less side effects in children with lymphoma
1999
- Begin to lower risk of neuroblastoma and increase the survival rate by using stem cell transplantation
- Stem cell transplantation helps build the patients blood production and immune system
2001
- 50-60% of cancer children participate in a federally funded trial helping improve cures in the US
2005
- Primary Care Providers are allowing for the opportunity for long-term care for cancer survivors
- Nelarabine: drug approved to treat a small group of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
2009
- Discover a new immunotherapy that reduces the risk of recurring cancer and increases the survival rate in neuroblastoma patients
- The drug Imatinib is added to intensive chemotherapy to improve the outcomes for patients with lymphoblastic leukemia
2010-2015
- Child cancer death rates declined by over 50%
- Improved drugs, treatment strategies
- Survival rate is higher, but the amount of children with cancer has increased significantly (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
- Salary: $78,000-$218,000
- Education requirements: M.D. and D.O., internship, residency, certification through ABP, computer skills
