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The Age of Exploration
The Quest for Gold, Glory, and God
Why did Europeans leave their homes to explore new lands?
Essential Questions
- Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands?
- Who were some important explorers?
Photo by an untrained eye
Gold, Glory, and God!
Factors Contributing to Discovery
- Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
- Support for the diffusion of Christianity
- Political and economic competition between European empires
Photo by Luz Adriana Villa A.
More Factors for Discovery
- Innovations in navigational arts
- Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Photo by marfis75
Do you know your explorers?
- Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal
- Vasco da Gama - Portugal
- Christopher Columbus - Spain
- Hernando (Herman) Cortez - Spain
- Francisco Pizaro - Spain
- Ferdinand Magellan - Spain
- Francis Drake - England
- Jacques Cartier - France
Photo by eflon
"I and my companions suffer from a disease which can be cured only with gold." -Cortez
Photo by widatama
Essential Questions
- How did the expansion of European empires into the Americas, Africa, and Asia affect religion in those areas?
- What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?
- What was the triangular trade?
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Essential Questions cont'd.
- What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?
- What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?
Photo by Crystl
Diffusion of Christianity
Spreading the message to new lands and new people
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Catholics and Protestants
Carried their faith, language, and culture to new lands
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Conversion of Indigenous people
What's indigenous mean?
Some estimate tens of millions of natives lived here before Europeans came
Migration of Colonists to New Lands
Creating new cultural and social patterns
Exploration brought the establishment of overseas empires and decimation of indigenous populations…
Americas
- Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America
- Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
- Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
- Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved
- Colonies’ imitation of parent countries
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Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires
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Latin America
Rigid class system based on race
Plantations
The need for labor resulted in the forced migration of some Africans into slavery
Photo by Kay Gaensler
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Africa
- European trading posts were set up along the coast of Africa
- Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources became very popular and profitable
- The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.
Photo by Leo Reynolds
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Triangle Trade
Slaves, Sugar, and Rum
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Asia
- Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
- Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)
The Middle Passage
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Lisbon to the Indies
1592-Departure from Portugal
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The Columbian Exchange
- Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles.
- European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
- European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians.
Photo by chrisinplymouth
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Coming to the East!
Whatcha smokin?
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
- Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
- Slavery was based on race.
- European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.
Slavery
Mercantilism needs cash crops. Cash crops need labor. Preferably free labor.
Destroyed indigenous economics
What's going on here?
Export of Precious Metals
Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
I've got money!
I want a dress!
I've got MORE money!
I want MORE dresses!
I've got EVEN MORE money!
Uh oh, now the dress costs more...
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Effect of Inflation on International Trade
- Gold and silver arriving from the Western Hemisphere
- Amount of currency increases, the value of salaries and rents drops
- The Price Revolution
- No longer good to hold currency (assets), best to be in trade
- Land-holders no longer the dominant economic class
Photo by Daniela Hartmann (alles-schlumpf)
What have we learned?
- Increased trade with markets in Asia.
- Loss of Constantinople = new routes?
- Spread of Christianity
Photo by CollegeDegrees360
What else?
- Europeans migrated to colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns.
- Europeans established trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia.
Photo by CollegeDegrees360
The "discovery" of America by Europeans resulted in exchange of goods and products between East and West
Photo by dmgatlanta
The European nations established a
trade pattern known as the triangular
trade and exported precious metals from
the Americas.
Photo by Philippe Put
