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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
The Invention of Genetic Engineering
WHAT IS G.E.? WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
- A biomedical process in which an organism is modified by manipulating its DNA.
- Used to protect organisms and make them safer, bigger, stronger, and more fruitful.
- Mostly used for food and drugs, but sometimes used on animals and microscopic organisms.
HOW G.E. WORKS
- Multiple types of genetic engineering.
- Breeding - Process of mating organisms with preferable traits to create offspring with preferable traits.
- Modern steps to genetic engineering:
- 1. DNA is cut from the organism with the desired trait.
- 2. DNA is copied and modified to fit better.
- 3. DNA is inserted into bacteria which deliver it into the new organism.
- 4. The new organism is bred and copied.
THE HISTORY OF GENETIC ENGINERING
- 30,000 B.C. - Ancient Humans begin to selectively animals to produce traits they want.
- 8,000 B.C. - Ancient humans begin to selectively breed crops.
- 1953 - DNA is discovered.
- 1973 - Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen are the first ever to genetically modify an organism.
- 1975 - The Asilomar Conference sets guidelines for future genetic engineering.
History of Genetic Engineering II
- 1980 - U.S. Supreme Court rules that GMO patents are legal, granting the first ever GMO patent to General Electirc.
- 1980s - Company begin to rapidly develop and test GMOs
- 1982 - FDA approves first ever GMO drug.
- 1990s - GE crops explode in popularity
- 2014 - CRISPR is successfully tested, allowing for easier and cheaper genetic engineering.
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Genetic Engineering Today
- Used to create Insulin, Human Growth Hormone, vaccines, and many other drugs
- Used to research and discover certain genes
- Used to make cattle bigger
- Used to make animals less harmful
- Used to make plants more fruitful, grow faster, repel insects, be more nutritious, and be less dangerous
GE's Impact on Society
- Created a debate about wether or not modify organism is ethically right
- GE plants and animals are used to feed billions of people, especially in the poorest countries.
- Have been used to add nutritional value to food, especially in countries that need it.
- Have reduced the earth carbon footprint by 26 billion kilograms.
- Have saved thousands of square miles of land. Are cheaper to produce than normal food.
- No proof that consuming GMO food is riskier than non GMO food
GE's Impact On Society II
- Can cause antibiotic resistance.
- Don't fit into nature well and can cause an imbalanced ecosystems.
- GMOs engineered with pesticides can be poisonous and have killed off massive amounts of insect.
- Can cause allergic reactions.
- Can cross with Non GMOs.
- Can cause harmful mutations when implanting new genes.
The Future of GE
- Many questions about the future of GE. Could be used to creat biological weapons.
- Will only get better.
- Will counties to be used on all plants and animals to make them healthier, more fruitful, and less dangerous.
- Eventually will be used to prevent disease in humans.
- Will likely be used to create babies with preferable characteristics.
- Could be used to create biological weapons.
How to Make GE Better
- Find a way to make it faster, cheaper, and more efficient.
- Find a way to prevent all unsafe errors.
- Have all countries work together on this issue, to prevent nations from building biological weapons
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND S.T.E.M.
- Science - Discover DNA and where characteristics are located. Find preferred and non-preferred genes. Find bacteria capable to change DNA.
- Technology - Discover needs and uses for G.E.; Find ways to process to change DNA. Find out what to change and what to put in.
- Engineering - Make and design machines small enough to work with DNA and capable to help copy and change DNA. Make advertisements. Create safety trails.
- Math - Find out work and machine costs, profit margins, and pricing. Calculate safety numbers.
