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The Practice of Social Research

CH6 Conceptualization, Operationalization and Measuement
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The interrelated steps of conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement allow researchers to turn general idea for a research topic into useful and valid measurements in the real world.
概念化、操作化與測量相互關聯的過程，讓我們從想要研究的籠統想法進入到有效且定義明確的測量

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觀念conceptions

存在我們腦海中的資料抽屜裡的心智形象
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概念concept

用來溝通彼此的觀念的標籤名詞
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概念化conceptualization

把觀念藉由一致同意的名詞產生一個概念的過程
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操作化operationalization:
概念化的延伸，標明用以測量變項屬性的準確步驟。決定測量變項variables的精確程度並選擇適當的測量水準。

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測量measurement的四個水準levels:
名義nominal測量(yes/no)
順序ordinal測量(>
等距interval測量(+ --)
等比ratio測量(倍數)
掌握資訊由少到多，最適合的測量水準應視目的而定。

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測量品質的判準criteria of the quality of measures:
精準precision、
正確accuracy、
信度reliability、
效度validity

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信度reliability:
相同測量取得一致的結果。可用測試-再測法、折半法、已建立的測量方法等檢測信度。

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效度validity:
能夠正確反映被測量概念的結果。可用
表面效度facial validity、
效標關聯效度criterion-related validity、
建構效度construct validity及
內容效度content validity加以評估。

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測量的倫理:
概念化和測量不應受偏見或對特定研究成果的偏好所支配。從事社會研究應該用一種想認真了解與看待事情的態度，不是將人當作工具。

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The End

Thanks for your time! - by Christine
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Christine Liao