Leinginer's Culture Care Diversity & Universality Theory

Why should nurses learn about the Culture Care Theory?

Description of Theory

• Historical Significance
• Theoretical Tennets
• Theoretical Assumptions
• Concepts
• Enablers

Roots of this Theory

• Care of culturally diverse children
• Culture & Care were missing concepts from nursing
• Envisioned a way to learn and help people
• Introduced the field of Transcultural Nurisng

Tenants of the Culture Care Theory

• Care is based on human expresssions
• Understanding is broad, holistic, and honors each culture
• Cultures are diverse AND share commonalities
• Emic & Etic factors influence care

Assumptions of Culture Care Theory

• Care is essential for healing
• How a culture of people perceive care is diverse but universal commonalities exist
• Culture Care values, beliefs, & practices are influenced by worldview (ie- social factors)
• TCN is a discipline in which the goal is culturally congruent care

Care
Culture
Culture Care

Leininger's Enablers

Sunrise Enabler

• Guide or map to systematically study all dimensions of a culture
• Let the "Sun Rise" and open our minds to factors that influence care and health
• Tease out culture care phenomena

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Transcultural Care Decisions & Actions

• Culture Care Preservation/Maintainence
• Culture Care Accommodation/Negotiation
• Culture Care Repatterning/ Restructuring

Observation-Participation-Reflection Enabler

• Guides movement from observer to participant
• Utilize informants or gatekeepers to confirm observations, verify reflections, & identify biases

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Stranger to Trusted Friend Enabler

• A means for self disclosure, self reflection, and assessment
• Move from stranger to trusted research friend
• Method in which meaningful data is collected

Culture Care Theory in Practice

• Care always occurs in a cultural context
• Human problems and solutions are embedded in culture
• Cultural assessment is a dynamic and respectful process

References

• Leininger, M. (2002). Culture care theory: A major contribution to advance transcultural nursing knowledge & practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 189-192.
• Leininger, M.M., & McFarland, M.R. (2006). Culture care diversity and universality. Sudury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.