Culture

Demographics

Comparing Societies Using Demographics

Population Distribution Maps

• Use specific information to distribute population
• Ethnicity
• Religion
• Population 
• Language 

Total Population

• Germany: 82,400,996
• Indonesia: 234,693,997

Population Density (people per sq km)

• Germany: 230
• Indonesia: 122

Indonesia has a larger population, however Germany has a larger number of people per kilometer.

Birth Rate (per 1,000)

• Germany: 8.2
• Indonesia: 19.65

Death Rate (per 1,000)

• Germany: 10.71
• Indonesia: 6.25

Indonesia has a higher general population than Germany. This is possible because Indonesia has a high birth rate and a low death rate meaning there is a life created for every life lost.

However, Germany has a high death rate and an even lower birth rate. This means that there aren't enough children being born to replace every person that dies, thus lowering the population of the country.

Migration Rate (per 1,000)

• Germany: 2.18
• Indonesia: -1.27

Overall Growth Rate

• Germany: -0.033%
• Indonesia: +1.213%

Growth of the World's Population

• Increasing steadily
• 1950-2000; population increased about 38M.
• Won't decrease unless there's a worldwide pandemic

Politics

Political Map Characteristics

• Show boundaries that divide countries, states, counties, etc.
• Define physical features like lakes, rivers, and seas.
• Political map show political units and sub-units
• Largest units are countries - Or "states"

Characteristics That All States Have

• A group of people, known as the population
• A defined territory - land enclosed by borders
• A government

Different Forms of Government Around the World

• Autocracy
• Oligarchy
• Democracy
• Anarchy

Autocracy

• Ruled by one person - The "Autocrat"
• The power of the nation lies solely in the hands of the Autocrat
• Examples: Nazi Germany (Hitler), Today's N. Korea (Kim Jong Un)
• Russia (Stalin's rule), Saudi Arabia (Abdullah bin Abdulaziz)

Oligarchy

• A small group of people control all power of the nation
• Single-party states
• Common in Communist nations where Communists have all political control 
• Examples: China, Vietnam, North Korea, Russia, Syria, etc...

Democracy

• Ruled by the people
• Everyone in the nation shares political power
• Examples: United States, New Zealand, Australia, 
• United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada.

Anarchy

• The rule of none
• No rules, no laws, no government
• Can happen if a government loses power
• Example: Somalia

Strengths Of Different Forms of Govt.

• Autocracy: The leader has all the power & people look to him for safety
• Oligarchy: Decisions aren't made by one person
• Democracy: Everyone has a say
• Anarchy: None...

Weaknesses of Different Types of Govt.

• Autocracy: Decisions might not be in best interest of the people
• Oligarchy: Only the "privileged" have a say in the government
• Democracy: Decisions are slow to be made; they go through many processes
• Anarchy: No power, no rule, no direction =  CHAOS

Conflicts Within Nations

Obstacles of Peaceful Unification Within a Nation

• Diverse populations
• Economic differences
• The existence of different religious groups
• Power sharing among traditional leaders

Afghanistan

• The Taliban 
• Islamic extremists
• Overthrew the Afghan govt. in 1996
• Finally taken out of power in 2002

Rwanda - Hutus & Tutsis

• Tutsis were put into power
• Hutus retaliated and became the majority
• Rwandan Genocide occured; 1994
• Hutus aimed to kill every Tutsi/moderate Hutu in the nation

Economics

Economic Systems

• Command
• Traditional
• Mixed
• Free-Market System

Free-Market  System

• Individuals freely decide what and when they want to buy, sell, or produce
• Also known as Capitalism
• One of the most popular forms of economy in the world
• States' job in economic activity is to protect the peoples' freedom

Command System

• Govt. tells producers when and what to produce
• State owns most of the property
• Key feature in most Communist nations
• China, Cuba, North Korea, and former Soviet Union are all examples

Traditional System

• Hunters and gatherers 
• Usually creates their own clothes, furniture, etc.
• Doesn't rely on buying anything from stores
• Production usually doesn't go past basic necessities 

Mixed System

• Comprised of both free-market and command systems
• Free choice AND government intervention
• Most common form of economic system in today's world
• The most balanced option

World Trade & Economic Inequality

Trade is essential for the world because not one nation has the capabilities to produce everything their population needs to survive, therefore countries must work with one another and trade with each other in order to acquire essential items needed.

Economic Inequality in the World

• Different countries have more access to raw materials; not making money
• Smaller population and no education producing less money than others

Developed Countries v. Undeveloped Countries

• Location
• Quality of life
• Accessibility to goods
• Education
• Housing

Top 5 Nations for Human Development

• Norway
• Australia
• United States
• The Netherlands
• Germany

Lowest 5 Nations for Human Development

• Niger
• Democratic Republic of Congo
• Mozambique
• Chad and Burkina
• Faso - All African Countries

Agricultural Revolution & Consequences

• People settled and were no longer hunters and gatherers
• Irrigation and crop rotation was a big step in civilization
• Once people were able to stay in one place modern civilization took place

Daily Life

Tools Used to Study Daily Life

• Take in information
• Ask questions
• Put yourself in their position
• Live and learn

Processes That Change Culture

• Cultural diffusion
• Invention
• Discovery

Cultural Diffusion

• Cultural traits of one culture are transmitted to another
• More likely to take place and is more intense at border areas

Invention

•  New cultural elements are created
• ^Often, out of previously existing elements

Discovery

•  Recognize or gain a better understanding of already existing elements
• Usually through scientific research

Different Forms of Family Structure

• Traditional
• Adoptive
• 2-household
• Same sex
• Single parent

Major World Religions

• Islam (Muslim)
• Christianity
• Buddhism 
• Judaism 
• Hinduism